“…While accountability has been studied in other systems [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131], it is essential in order to build trust relationships in cloud environment [35], [47], [48], [50], [52], [88]. Accountability implies that the capability of identifying a party, with undeniable evidence, is responsible for specific events [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129], [130], [131]. When dealing with cloud computing, there are multiple parties that may be involved; a cloud provider and its customers are the two basic ones, and the public clients who use applications (e.g., a web application) outsourced by cloud customers may be another party.…”