This encyclopedia entry provides insight into the justification of pedagogy in the context of extended reality (XR), which itself encompasses virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed/hybrid reality (MR), and how all have evolved into an ongoing source of complex ambiguity over the last decade, which the COVID-19 pandemic only highlighted and radically exacerbated. Being able to understand and operationalize each in the context of health professions pedagogy and scholarship became a necessity, which few would now ever question but which still raises issues in relation to the practices of risk assessment and management in professional fields of practice such as medicine, nursing, midwifery, and allied health professions practice.