Virtual Optimization of Race Engines Through an Extended Quasi Steady State Lap Time Simulation Approach

Malcher, Simon; Bargende, Michael; Grill, Michael; Baretzky, Ulrich; Diel, Hartmut; Wohlgemuth, Sebastian

doi:10.4271/2018-01-0587

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…With the rise of the autonomous driving and more sophisticated on-board control logics, due to the growing need to reproduce vehicle dynamics behaviour with the highest level of accuracy at the lowest possible cost, the vehicle modelling and simulation tools concerning the understanding and the reproduction of the tyre-road interaction phenomena have acquired a significant weight [4,5]. From the modelling point of view, the research effort has been therefore addressed to the modelling and estimation of all those quantities not directly acquirable even with the state of art sensing technology, but which could represent a key factor in the continuous improvement of control algorithms and logics to be employed in the increasing expansion of interconnected and smart vehicles [4][5][6][7][8]. Different approaches for modelling the tyre thermomechanical behaviour can be found in literature [9][10][11][12][13] as well as various practical case studies [3,[14][15][16], which testify the attention payed to the topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical methodology for thermo-fluid dynamic modelling of tyre inner chamber: towards real time applications

et al. 2021

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The characterization and reproduction of tyre behaviour for vehicle modelling is a topic of particular interest both for real-time driver in the loop simulations and for offline performance optimization algorithms. Since the accuracy of the tyre forces and moments can be achieved by the accurate physical modelling of all the phenomena concerning the tyre-road interaction, the link between the tyre thermal state and the tyre frictional performance turns into a crucial factor. An integrated numerical methodology, allowing to couple the full 3D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) flux within the internal chamber of the tyre with an equivalent discrete 3D structure model, is proposed with the aim to completely represent the tyre thermodynamic convective behaviour in the steady-state operating conditions. 3D CFD model enables the evaluation of the internal distribution of the gas temperature and of the thermal powers exchanged at each sub-wall in detail. This allows to increase the reliability of the tyre thermodynamic modelling with a particular reference to the proper managing of the aero-thermal flow of the brake disc impact on the rim temperature and therefore on the internal gas dynamics in terms of temperature and pressure, being able to optimize the tyre overall dynamic performance in both warm-up and stabilized thermal conditions. The steady RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes) simulations have been performed employing the 3D CFD model in a wide range of angular velocities with the aim to calculate the convective thermal flux distributions upon rim and inner liner surfaces. The simulation results have been then exploited to derive the convective heat transfer coefficients per each sub domain to be employed within the real-time tyre physical thermal model, with the peculiar advantage of an enhanced model reliability for thermal characteristics. To validate the proposed methodology, the tyre thermal model outputs, in terms of temperatures of internal and external layers, have been validated towards the acquired ones within the specific routine performed on tyre force and moment test bench, confirming an excellent agreement with the experimental data in the entire range of operating conditions explored.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical methodology for thermo-fluid dynamic modelling of tyre inner chamber: towards real time applications

et al. 2021

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“…Still, that is around 5-10 times (depending on the vehicle) the actual lap time. In addition, the authors of the QSS technique in reference [19] stated that their method is "for design phase decisions but not for a fast trackside usage".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Mono-Dimensional Approach for Lap Time Optimisation

Lenzo

Rossi

2020

Applied Sciences

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Lap time minimisation methods have great relevance in the analysis of race tracks, and in the design and optimisation of race vehicles. Several lap time minimisation approaches have been proposed in the literature, which are computationally demanding because they need to either solve differential equations or to implement a forward–backward integration based on an apex-finding method. This paper proposes an alternative method, based on a mono-dimensional quasi-steady-state numerical approach. The proposed approach uses a simplified vehicle model accounting for combined tyre–road interactions, aerodynamic effects, and power limitations. The method exploits the knowledge of the curvature of the trajectory, which is worked out through a rigorous approach that allows for the use trajectories defined with respect to ageneric curve parameter and not necessarily the arc length. An iterative routine is implemented that exploits the vehicle dynamics, without solving differential equations or performing forward–backward integrations from the trajectory apexes. Simulations are carried out on three different tracks and are shown to be computationally efficient. Despite being intentionally simple, the proposed method allows to grasp key aspects of the problem, such as the effect of the combined tyre–road interactions on the acceleration profiles, and the effect of aerodynamic drag and downforce on the position of the braking point on the track and on the speed profile.

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Continuous implementation of 0D/1D engine models in the development process of a race car engine

Malcher

Bargende

Dreyer³

et al. 2019

Proceedings

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Virtual Optimization of Race Engines Through an Extended Quasi Steady State Lap Time Simulation Approach

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

A numerical methodology for thermo-fluid dynamic modelling of tyre inner chamber: towards real time applications

A numerical methodology for thermo-fluid dynamic modelling of tyre inner chamber: towards real time applications

A Simple Mono-Dimensional Approach for Lap Time Optimisation

Continuous implementation of 0D/1D engine models in the development process of a race car engine

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