Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Driving Phobia Disorder: System Design and Development

Abstract

Driving phobia is an anxiety disorder. People are greatly impaired in their daily lives when suffering from driving phobia disorders. The anxieties can be triggered under various conditions, such as driving over bridges, driving at high speeds, or driving in close proximity to large trucks. Traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure therapy are the most common approaches used in the treatment of psychological disorders, such as anxiety disorder (AD) and panic disorder (PD). This research focuses on virtual reality (VR)-based exposure therapy, called VRET, and describes the design and development of a system which uses alternating levels of fear-based driving scenarios that can be recorded and automatically adjusted to maximize exposure effectiveness without causing the subjects to panic. The proposed VRET integrates an advanced feedback database module for tracing and analyzing the system, along with the user’s bio-data to show the valid data collection of the system and its effectiveness for future use in clinical trials. The research conducts a system’s pre-test analysis using 31 subjects to demonstrate the effectiveness of the system. This research demonstrates the systematic development of the VRET for driving phobia disorder by depicting the system framework, key system modules, system integration, bio-database management, and pre-test data analysis to support our next research efforts in hospital-based clinical trials and for additional VRET development applications for clinical psychology.

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Driving Phobia Disorder (2): System Refinement and Verification

“…During the experiment, if a subject experiences panic, vertigo, or any feeling of motion sickness, an emergency stop can be triggered to immediately stop the experiment session as a safety precaution. Figure 6 presents the system architecture of the proposed VRET, which is a refined version of the previous VRET system [11]. The exposure therapy (ET) scenario module (with five levels) provides the architecture for scene construction.…”

“…In our previous study [11], the research team conducted a pre-test experiment to examine the systematic design and development of a prototype VRET for driving phobia disorders. A VR headset, a realistic steering wheel (with foot pedals for acceleration and braking), IoT sensors for collecting biodata for analysis, and VR software for controlling hardware and driving themes were integrated to develop different fear levels for VRETgenerated driving conditions.…”

“…Some systemic issues were discovered for future refinement. Thus, this sequel research is designated to correct, improve, and verify the effectiveness of the VRET system design [11].…”

A Personalised Emotion-Based Model for Relaxation in Virtual Reality

“…VR has been used in clinical settings to treat a range of cognitive, emotional and motor problems in various psychological and psychiatric disorders [9,[11][12][13][14][15][16]. Many studies have shown that the VR-based therapy is as effective as their in-vivo (traditional) counterpart [13,17,18].…”

“…Virtual Reality (VR) can provide the required effectiveness for various kinds of therapy [9]. By fully immersing the user in a new environment, they can virtually teleport to a more suited location for relaxation.…”