“…VR can fully immerse the user's senses in a synthetic environment that mimics real-world properties through highresolution graphics (Jeffries et al, 2022;Moro, Stromberga, Raikos, & Stirling, 2017), allowing students to understand anatomical structures three-dimensionally, similar to cadaver dissection (Iwanaga, Loukas, Dumont, & Tubbs, 2021). While conventional education methods aim to include visual and auditory aspects of learning, VR training facilitates interactive learning and practical work enhancing student motivation, situational awareness, and understanding of spatial and structural anatomy (Aasekjaer, Gjesdal, Rosenberg, & Bovim, 2023). The integration of cooperative learning strategies within a VR-based gross anatomy learning environment could further amplify these bene ts by promoting active participation, collaboration, and communication among peers (Johnson & Johnson, 2009).…”