Virtual Synchronous Machine-Based Control of a Single-Phase Bi-Directional Battery Charger for Providing Vehicle-to-Grid Services

Suul, Jon Are; D’Arco, Salvatore; Guidi, Giuseppe

doi:10.1109/tia.2016.2550588

Cited by 161 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Also, when the bidirectional EV charger is utilized, in addition to energy storage, EV can also be controlled as virtual synchronous motors (VSMs) to provide inertia emulation and virtual spinning reserves, or even feed local systems in standalone mode, as shown in Figure 11. In a low-voltage distribution network, the VSG-based converters are implemented in single-phase [50,51].…”

Section: Bidirectional Ev Chargermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of VSG Control-Enabled Universal Compatibility Architecture for Future Power Systems with High-Penetration Renewable Generation

Yan

Zhang

2019

Applied Sciences

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Due to the irreversible energy substitution from fossil fuels to clean energy, the development trend of future power systems is based on renewable energy generation. However, due to the incompatibility of converter-based non-dispatchable renewable energy generation, the stability and reliability of traditional power systems deteriorate as more renewables are introduced. Since conventional power systems are dominated by synchronous machines (SM), it is natural to utilize a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control strategy that intimates SM characteristics on integrated converters. The VSG algorithm developed in this paper originates from mimicking mathematic models of synchronous machines. Among the different models of implementation, the second-order model is simple, stable, and compatible with the control schemes of current converters in traditional power systems. The VSG control strategy is thoroughly researched and case studied for various converter-interfaced systems that include renewable generation, energy storage, electric vehicles (EV), and other energy demands. VSG-based integration converters can provide grid services such as spinning reserves and inertia emulation to the upper grids of centralized plants, distributed generation networks, and microgrids. Thus, the VSG control strategy has paved a feasible way for an evolutionary transition to a power electronics-based future power grid. By referring to the knowledge of traditional grids, a hierarchical system of operations can be established. Finally, generation and loads can be united in universal compatibility architecture under consolidated synchronous mechanisms.

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Section: Bidirectional Ev Chargermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of VSG Control-Enabled Universal Compatibility Architecture for Future Power Systems with High-Penetration Renewable Generation

Yan

Zhang

2019

Applied Sciences

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“…In References [14,23], inverters that mimic SGs were studied with an assumption that inverters are supplied by stiff DC voltage sources, but inverters only energized by PV systems cannot satisfy this assumption. In Reference [24], a VSG was realized by a battery/ultracapacitor hybrid ES system, but the inverters based on RES were not competent in emulating the characteristics of SGs.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Grid-Supporting Photovoltaic System Implemented by a VSG with Energy Storage

Liu

et al. 2018

Energies

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Conventional photovoltaic (PV) systems interfaced by grid-connected inverters fail to support the grid and participate in frequency regulation. Furthermore, reduced system inertia as a result of the integration of conventional PV systems may lead to an increased frequency deviation of the grid for contingencies. In this paper, a grid-supporting PV system, which can provide inertia and participate in frequency regulation through virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology and an energy storage unit, is proposed. The function of supporting the grid is implemented in a practical PV system through using the presented control scheme and topology. Compared with the conventional PV system, the grid-supporting PV system, behaving as an inertial voltage source like synchronous generators, has the capability of participating in frequency regulation and providing inertia. Moreover, the proposed PV system can mitigate autonomously the power imbalance between generation and consumption, filter the PV power, and operate without the phase-locked loop after initial synchronization. Performance analysis is conducted and the stability constraint is theoretically formulated. The novel PV system is validated on a modified CIGRE benchmark under different cases, being compared with the conventional PV system. The verifications demonstrate the grid support functions of the proposed PV system.

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“…These regulators are designed to emulate the behavior of classical synchronous generators with power converters associated to DG, ESSs, and loads connected to microgrids. In the literature, these techniques have been widely employed for diferent applications and are also known as virtual synchronous machines (VSMs) or synchronverters [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Following the main ac grid coniguration-where synchronous generators are directly connected-most of these techniques are usually employed for devices connected to ac microgrids.…”

Section: Lower-level Control Operation Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Mode-Adaptive Controls

Unamuno¹,

Barrena²

2017

Development and Integration of Microgrids

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The lack of inertial response at microgrids is usually compensated by coniguring primary controllers of converter-interfaced devices to contribute in the transient response under power disturbances. The main purpose of this chapter is to study the modes of operation of primary level techniques of generation, storage, loads, and other devices atached to hybrid ac/dc microgrids. Although the chapter includes an analysis of the modes of operation of lower-level regulators, the focus is on upper-level or primary controllers.In this context, we analyze mode-adaptive controls based on voltage and frequency levels and we evaluate their behavior by simulation in the Matlab/Simulink ® environment. The results demonstrate that mode-adaptive techniques are adequate for maximizing the energy extracted by distributed generation (DG) systems and limit demand side management actuations while ensuring an adequate regulation of the microgrid.

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Virtual Synchronous Machine-Based Control of a Single-Phase Bi-Directional Battery Charger for Providing Vehicle-to-Grid Services

Cited by 161 publications

References 31 publications

Review of VSG Control-Enabled Universal Compatibility Architecture for Future Power Systems with High-Penetration Renewable Generation

Review of VSG Control-Enabled Universal Compatibility Architecture for Future Power Systems with High-Penetration Renewable Generation

A Grid-Supporting Photovoltaic System Implemented by a VSG with Energy Storage

Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Mode-Adaptive Controls

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