1985
DOI: 10.1172/jci112000
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Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Regulation of capsule synthesis by carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Cryptococcus neoformans is variably encapsulated in vitro, whereas in tissues it develops a large capsule. We observed that cells of a strain with thin capsules, when growing in a standard fungal culture medium, became heavily encapsulated when incubated in serum-free cell culture medium (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium IDMEI). Capsule size was quantitated physically by measuring cell volume, and chemically by determining the content of a capsular monosaccharide, glucuronate. The C02/HCO3 couple stimulated … Show more

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Cited by 296 publications
(285 citation statements)
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“…In addition, the localization of a new structure outside the old one, as seen here, could also be related to the degradation of the initial structure by local factors or by aging. Modifications of the pH through modification in the local CO 2 pressure could affect capsule synthesis 33,34 and perhaps even capsule structure, although this has only been demonstrated in phagosomes. 35 However, it is unlikely that environmental changes are the same in the various organs where capsule structures changes exhibited the same kinetics (brain, cardiac and skeletal muscles, kidney).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, the localization of a new structure outside the old one, as seen here, could also be related to the degradation of the initial structure by local factors or by aging. Modifications of the pH through modification in the local CO 2 pressure could affect capsule synthesis 33,34 and perhaps even capsule structure, although this has only been demonstrated in phagosomes. 35 However, it is unlikely that environmental changes are the same in the various organs where capsule structures changes exhibited the same kinetics (brain, cardiac and skeletal muscles, kidney).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cryptococcal cells in lung tissue typically exhibit large capsules (32). Capsule regulation has been associated with virulence for C. neoformans (11), and loss of the ability to increase capsular size results in attenuation (15).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Yeast cells used in all experiments were incubated for 4 days at 37°C on a synthetic medium (22) in 5% CO 2 and killed by an overnight incubation with 1.0% formaldehyde. These conditions produce yeast cells with large capsules (23). The cells were then washed with sterile 0.01 M phosphate-buffered 150 mM saline (pH 7.3; PBS) and stored at 4°C.…”
Section: Neoformans Cellsmentioning
confidence: 99%