Virulence of Newcastle Disease Virus and Diagnostic Challenges

Bulbule, N.R.

doi:10.14737/journal.aavs/2015/3.5s.14.21

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Alsahami et al [9] and Bulbule et al [33] reported that the NDV vaccine of different strains was being used to control clinical disease during the outbreak. In addition, control of risk factors, including immunosuppressive agents, biosecurity breaks, inadequate management practices, and harsh environment together is required to diminish the economic impact of ND outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological, clinical, and risk factors of the Newcastle disease on broilers flocks in Algeria

et al. 2019

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Aim: The work aimed at studying the serological and clinical factors, as well as the risk factors of the Newcastle disease (ND) on broilers herds in Algeria. Materials and Methods: A sample of 1248 birds was randomly selected from 52 broiler flocks. We took blood samples from each bird at the level of the wing vein area where an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was carried out through the use of an IDvet kit. Results: The flocks showed 82.69% of seroprevalence. Clinically speaking, the most common symptoms were sneezing, rale, greenish diarrhea, torticollis, and motor discords. Most commonly observed postmortem lesions were the proventriculitis, tracheitis, and enteritis. Especially, the caeca are hemorrhagic. The scores show the effect of risk factors. There was a significant effect on the mortality, the hygiene and vaccination groups on antibody titers in time 2. The antibody titers were elevated in the herd that recorded a high mortality (more than 10%) compared with those which recorded a low mortality (<10%) (p=0.002). Therefore, the antibody titers were elevated in herds with bad hygiene, compared with the ones with good hygiene (p=0.04). At last, when broiler chicken were not boosted by ND vaccine, flocks appeared to be more seropositive (p=0.02). Conclusion: The serological survey conducted in this study provided an important scope for ND as a dominant viral disease in broilers. Many factors are responsible for the onset of these diseases; correct biosecurity measures are needed to reduce the impact of this pathology in poultry farms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological, clinical, and risk factors of the Newcastle disease on broilers flocks in Algeria

et al. 2019

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“…The disease has been reported worldwide and it is currently controlled in some western European countries, the United States and Canada but continues to be a threat in South America, Asia and parts of Africa [1]. Both domestic and wild species are affected but with varying degrees of mortality and morbidity depending upon the host species and also the strain of virus [2]. The duration of incubation period is very short, ranging from 2 to 15 days with an average of 5-6 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virus infectivity is mainly dependent on the cleavage of Fusion (F) protein of the virus, which in virulent strains has been reported to be polybasic in nature, and thus this can be easily cleaved by furin-like proteases appearing in all organs in the host enabling easier and faster viral spread [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological and molecular investigation of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease outbreak in a vaccinated chicken flocks

et al. 2018

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Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belongs to genus and family Paramyxoviridae. There are thirteen serotypes named APMV-I (Avian Paramyxovirus-I) to APMV-13 of which NDV has been designated as APMV-1. The disease has been reported worldwide affecting both domestic and wild avian species. Morbidity and mortality rates up to 100% have been reported in cases of unvaccinated flocks. Stringent vaccination schedule is practiced in endemic/disease prone areas in order to prevent the disease. Despite this, NDV outbreaks have been reported even in cases of vaccinated populations. In this study we describe detailed pathological and molecular investigation that were undertaken in an organized poultry farm from Bareilly region, Uttar Pradesh, India, involving layer flocks which succumbed to ND outbreak in spite of following strict vaccination protocol. The mortality rate ranged from 76.80 to 84.41% in different flocks with an average mortality of 79.50%. Necropsied birds had gross lesions suggestive of viscerotropic ND including petechial hemorrhages on the proventricular tips, intestinal lumen with necrotic areas covered with hemorrhages, hemorrhagic cecal tonsils, para-tracheal edema and mottling of spleen. The characteristic histopathological lesions were mainly seen in the blood vessels and lymphoid tissues. Vascular changes characterized by congestion, edema, and hemorrhage were found in majority of the organs. Lymphocytolysis in spleen and cecal tonsils was evident. Immunohistochemical studies revealed positive signals mostly in macrophage and lymphocytes. PCR assay was done to confirm the NDV genome, which revealed an amplicon size of 356 bp. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the resemblance of the present isolate (ADS01) with class II genotype NDV XIIIA. The isolate belonged to velogenic NDV as the Minimum Lethal Dose (MLD) and Mean Death Time (MDT) for the present isolate were 10 and 41 h, respectively. Thus this study clearly demonstrates that in spite of strict vaccination regime and biosecurity procedures, ND continues to be rampant. Hence it is important to effectively administer the present vaccine in addition to strains matching to the field isolates to provide longer and optimal protection against spreading of virus by means of reducing the extent of viral shedding.

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“…The result showed that the comercial vaccine fail to prevent ND clinical sign and gross lesion the same as proved by (22). It has been observed that available ND vaccines fail to protect against morbidity and mortality caused by new variants NDV.…”

Section: Figure 5: Section In the Lung Of Infected Immunized Chickenmentioning

confidence: 54%

Comparison of the immune response between local manufactured and commercial inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus vaccine in a challenge trail with field isolated Newcastle Disease Virus

Ahmed¹,

Odisho²,

Al-Gafari³

2018

Iraqijvm

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Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus was isolated from broiler chickens in Northern Iraq. An inactivated vaccine was manufactured locally using as seed virus ELD50/ml10 9 and then compared with commercial inactivated vaccine in an experimental study which included 120 broiler chicks divided into three groups (G1 unvaccinated control, G2 for commercial vaccine and G3 for local vaccine). The chicks were injected subcutaneously at 3 days old followed by booster Lasota live vaccine eye drop. Indirect ELISA technique was used to estimate the antibody titer from the collected sera of chicks at age 7, 17 and 27 days (pre-challenge) and challenged at 31 days old with the same virus. The results indicated that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between vaccinated group G2 and G3 at 27 th day old and showed a high antibody level with high protection percentage compared with the control. G1 which shown no survival, 100% mortality and severe histopathological lesions, while in G2 and G3 was 43% and 87% respectively. Post-challenge antibody titers of survival chicks showed in G3 significantly over the G2 with less severe histopathological lesions. This study concluded that vaccine failure could occur due to factors of the immune status of the host, improper storage of vaccine, improper vaccination and variant pathogenic virus strain. More epidemiological surveillances are required to decide the actual impact of the disease in poultry farms and matching the vaccines.

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Virulence of Newcastle Disease Virus and Diagnostic Challenges

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Serological, clinical, and risk factors of the Newcastle disease on broilers flocks in Algeria

Serological, clinical, and risk factors of the Newcastle disease on broilers flocks in Algeria

Pathological and molecular investigation of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease outbreak in a vaccinated chicken flocks

Comparison of the immune response between local manufactured and commercial inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus vaccine in a challenge trail with field isolated Newcastle Disease Virus

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