Virulence-related O islands in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

Jiang, Lingyan; Yang, Wen; Jiang, Xinlei; Yao, Ting; Wang, Lu; Yang, Bin

doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.1992237

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(235 reference statements)

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“…T3SS are molecular syringes used by Gram-negative bacteria to deliver effector proteins into host cells and hijack functions [44,59]. Detailed structural descriptions of EHEC T3SS and associated regulatory components are well described [3,60,61]. T3SS needle complexes deliver eight LEE-encoded and numerous prophage encoded effector proteins into the host cell to promote intimate adhesion, cytoskeleton rearrangement, inhibition of phagocytosis, modulation of innate immunity and apoptosis [62,63].…”

Section: Type 3 Secretion Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escherichia coli 0157:H7 virulence factors and the ruminant reservoir

Kolodziejek

Minnich

Hovde

2022

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of reviewThis review updates recent findings about Escherichia coli O157:H7 virulence factors and its bovine reservoir. This Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli belongs to the Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) pathotype causing hemorrhagic colitis. Its low infectious dose makes it an efficient, severe, foodborne pathogen. Although EHEC remains in the intestine, Stx can translocate systemically and is cytotoxic to microvascular endothelial cells, especially in the kidney and brain. Disease can progress to life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with hemolytic anemia, acute kidney failure, and thrombocytopenia. Young children, the immunocompromised, and the elderly are at the highest risk for HUS. Healthy ruminants are the major reservoir of EHEC and cattle are the primary source of human exposure.

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Section: Type 3 Secretion Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escherichia coli 0157:H7 virulence factors and the ruminant reservoir

Kolodziejek

Minnich

Hovde

2022

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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“… 73 These islands comprise the main known virulence elements of EHEC O157:H7, including LEE pathogenicity island (OI-148) and Shiga toxin-converting phages (OI-45 and OI-93). 2 , 112 The functions of several other islands have also been established in recent years, revealing more regulatory proteins and sRNAs associated with EHEC O157:H7 motility and flagellar biosynthesis. The gmrA gene on OI-29 and z5898 on OI-172 were found to encode the transcriptional activators of flagellar biosynthesis and bacterial motility, while fmrA on OI-1 was found to encode a repressor.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen that causes severe diseases, including diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HC), and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUC). 1 , 2 , 3 It has three major virulence factors, including Shiga toxins (Stxs), products of the pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), and products of the large virulence plasmid pO157. 4 Stxs are bacteriophage-encoded AB5 family toxins that cause damage to a variety of cell types and have often been associated with HC and the lethal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of flagellar motility and biosynthesis in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

et al. 2022

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ABSTARCT Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a human pathogen that causes a variety of diseases, such as hemorrhagic colitis and lethal hemolytic uremic syndrome. Flagellum-dependent motility plays diverse roles in the pathogenesis of EHEC O157:H7, including its migration to an optimal host site, adherence and colonization, survival at the infection site, and post-infection dispersal. However, it is very expensive for cellular economy in terms of the number of genes and the energy required for flagellar biosynthesis and functioning. Furthermore, the flagellar filament bears strong antigenic properties that induce a strong host immune response. Consequently, the flagellar gene expression and biosynthesis are highly regulated to occur at the appropriate time and place by different regulatory influences. The present review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of EHEC O157:H7 motility and flagellar biosynthesis, especially in terms of flagellar gene regulation by environmental factors, regulatory proteins, and small regulatory RNAs.

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“…ETEC bacteria are recognized as a compelling cause of the overall problem of diarrheal disease worldwide. 8 , 9 ETEC strains are of global importance as they are the leading cause of acute watery diarrhea (sometimes fatal) in children in developing countries and the leading cause of traveler’s diarrhea. 9 , 10 Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) is of particular concern as a food poisoning pathogen, especially in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Prevalence, Pathogenicity, Heavy Metal and Antimicrobial Resistance, African Perspective

Gambushe¹,

Zishiri²,

Zowalaty³

2022

IDR

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Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important food-borne and water-borne pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans and may cause serious morbidity and large outbreaks worldwide. People with bloody diarrhea have an increased risk of developing serious complications such as acute renal failure and neurological damage. The hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a serious condition, and up to 50% of HUS patients can develop long-term renal dysfunction or blood pressurerelated complications. Children aged two to six years have an increased risk of developing HUS. Clinical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infections show fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. The EPEC reservoir is unknown but is suggested to be an asymptomatic or symptomatic child or an asymptomatic adult carrier. Spreading is often through the fecal-oral route. The prevalence of EPEC in infants is low, and EPEC is highly contagious in children. EPEC disease in children tends to be clinically more severe than other diarrheal infections. Some children experience persistent diarrhea that lasts for more than 14 days. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are a compelling cause of the problem of diarrheal disease. ETEC strains are a global concern as the bacteria are the leading cause of acute watery diarrhea in children and the leading cause of traveler's diarrhea. It is contagious to children and can cause chronic diarrhea that can affect the development and well-being of children. Infections with diarrheagenic E. coli are more common in African countries. Antimicrobial agents should be avoided in the acute phase of the disease since studies showed that antimicrobial agents may increase the risk of HUS in children. The South African National Veterinary Surveillance and Monitoring Programme for Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs has reported increased antimicrobial resistance in E. coli. Pathogenic bacterial strains have developed resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents due to antimicrobial misuse. The induced heavy metal tolerance may also enhance antimicrobial resistance. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance depends on the type of the antimicrobial agent, bacterial strain, dose, time, and mode of administration. Developing countries are severely affected by increased resistance to antimicrobial agents due to poverty, lack of proper hygiene, and clean water, which can lead to bacterial infections with limited treatment options due to resistance.

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Virulence-related O islands in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

Cited by 17 publications

References 120 publications

Escherichia coli 0157:H7 virulence factors and the ruminant reservoir

Escherichia coli 0157:H7 virulence factors and the ruminant reservoir

Regulation of flagellar motility and biosynthesis in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

Review of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Prevalence, Pathogenicity, Heavy Metal and Antimicrobial Resistance, African Perspective

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