Virulence-related regulatory network of Pseudomonas syringae

Comparative study of virulence factors, pathogenicity and genetic diversity ofAcidovorax avenaesubsp. avenae, the causal agent of red stripe disease in sugarcane

“…Several well‐known phytopathogens, including bacteria from the Xanthomonas genus, Ralstonia solanacearum and Pseudomonas syringae , have been shown to depend on swimming motility for infectivity. Depending on the pathogen strategy, an active flagellum and associated motility may be advantageous in the phyllosphere as well as for translocation along the xylem vessels or apoplast (An et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2022; Lowe‐Power et al., 2018). In the case of Aaa, where no information about its infective cycle is available, swimming values showed high variability among the strains (an almost 10‐fold change between minimum and maximum), with swimming being one of the most influential factors in the dataset according to PCA.…”

“…However, EPS production was also positively correlated with tolerance to oxidative stress, meaning more EPS, more stress sensitivity. This result was unexpected because EPS serves as one of the primary mechanisms for cell survival in extreme habitats and defence against toxins, heavy metals and antagonists, and it also exhibits antioxidant activity (An et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2022). Additionally, high stress sensitivity was also linked to a low swimming capacity.…”

“…In addition, EPS also interferes with plant defence mechanisms, protecting bacteria from adverse environments and contributing to bacterial survival (An et al, 2020). Some of these VFs have been described in detail for other phytopathogens (An et al, 2020;Huang et al, 2022;Lowe-Power et al, 2018;Pfeilmeier et al, 2016). However, despite the worldwide importance of red stripe disease, little is still known about infection mechanisms and the VF characteristics of Aaa.…”

“…Some of these VFs have been described in detail for other phytopathogens (An et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2022; Lowe‐Power et al., 2018; Pfeilmeier et al., 2016). However, despite the worldwide importance of red stripe disease, little is still known about infection mechanisms and the VF characteristics of Aaa.…”

Cooperative colonization of the host and pathogen dissemination involves stochastic and spatially structured expression of virulence traits

“…In P. aeruginosa, the global regulator GacA has been proposed as linked to flagella-T3SS counter regulation 51 , whereas in plant pathogenic Erwinia amylovora 52 , it has been reported to be carried out by HrpL. Twenty-two transcription factors (TF) regulate expression of the T3SS in P. syringae, seven of which, including GacA 26,[53][54][55][56] , have been also reported to affect flagellar expression 57 , thus providing several candidates to mediate T3SS-flagella counter regulation in this pathogen. Flagellar genes were reported to be negatively regulated by T3SS regulators HrpRS (two T3SS-specific enhancer-binding proteins that act as a hetero hexamer activating transcription from the hrpL promoter 58 ; but not by HrpL 59 .…”