Virulent phage vB_CpeP_HN02 inhibits Clostridium perfringens on the surface of the chicken meat

et al. 2023

IJMS

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is one of the foremost pathogens responsible for diarrhea in foals. As antibiotic resistance increases, phages that specifically lyse bacteria are of great interest to us with regard to C. perfringens. In this study, a novel C. perfringens phage DCp1 was isolated from the sewage of a donkey farm. Phage DCp1 had a non-contractile short tail (40 nm in length) and a regular icosahedral head (46 nm in diameter). Whole-genome sequencing indicated that phage DCp1 had a linear double-stranded DNA genome with a total length of 18,555 bp and a G + C content of 28.2%. A total of 25 ORFs were identified in the genome, 6 of which had been assigned to functional genes, others were annotated to encode hypothetical proteins. The genome of phage DCp1 lacked any tRNA, virulence gene, drug resistance gene, or lysogenic gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that phage DCp1 belonged to the family Guelinviridae, Susfortunavirus. Biofilm assay showed that phage DCp1 was effective in inhibiting the formation of C. perfringens D22 biofilms. Phage DCp1 could completely degrade the biofilm after 5 h of interaction. The current study provides some basic information for further research on phage DCp1 and its application.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Lytic bacteriophages of C. perfringens have been reported previously [ 16 , 17 ]. Although these phages show potential for the lysis of C. perfringens , studies relating to the disruption of biofilms formed by this pathogen have not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Genomic Analysis of a Novel Lytic Phage DCp1 against Clostridium perfringens Biofilms

Tang

et al. 2023

IJMS

“…With increasing WH1 concentrations, the number of viable E. faecalis decreased significantly. This result is similar to the results of phage inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in fish and phage inhibition of Clostridium perfringens in chicken [ 35 , 57 ]. Our results demonstrated that phage WH1 can inhibit bacteria at 4 °C, and it is speculated that phages can still recognize and adsorb sensitive bacteria at 4 °C, suggesting that phages can control pathogenic bacteria in frozen meat products.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…To minimize contamination by spoilage organisms, raw chicken breasts were aseptically cut into slices on a sterile lab bench. Each chicken breast was aseptically cut into 2 cm × 2 cm squares (about 1 g), and sterilized twice with ultraviolet light, as previously described [ 35 , 36 ]. Before artificial inoculation, all samples were inoculated on TSA to ensure there were no microorganisms [ 37 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulent Phage vB_EfaS_WH1 Removes Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm and Inhibits Its Growth on the Surface of Chicken Meat

Jin

Sun

et al. 2023

Viruses

Enterococcus faecalis is a potential animal and human pathogen. Improper use of antibiotics encourages resistance. Bacteriophages and their derivatives are promising for treating drug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, phylogenetic and electron microscopy analyses of phage vB_EfaS_WH1 (WH1) isolated from chicken feces revealed it to be a novel phage in the family Siphoviridae. WH1 showed good pH stability (4–11), temperature tolerance (4–60 °C), and broad E. faecalis host range (60% of isolates). Genome sequencing revealed a 56,357 bp double-stranded DNA genome with a G+C content of 39.21%. WH1 effectively destroyed E. faecalis EF01 biofilms, even at low concentrations. When WH1 was applied at 1 × 105 to 1 × 109 PFU/g to chicken breast samples stored at 4 °C, surface growing E. faecalis were appreciably eradicated after 24 h. The phage WH1 showed good antibacterial activity, which could be used as a potential biocontrol agent to reduce the formation of E. faecalis biofilm, and could also be used as an alternative for the control of E. faecalis in chicken products.

“…The genome map of phage L66 was obtained using the BLAST Ring Image Generator (BRIG), and the phylogenetic tree was constructed and displayed using MEGA 7, based on the sequence of terminal large subunit enzymes [ 31 , 32 ]. Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database (ARDB) and Virulence Factor Database (VFDB) were used to identify the antibiotic resistance and virulence factor genes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of a Novel Salmonella Phage L66 and Its Application Based on Electrochemical Sensor-Combined AuNPs to Detect Salmonella

et al. 2022

Foods

Salmonella is widespread in nature and poses a significant threat to human health and safety. Phage is considered as a new tool for the control of food-borne pathogens. In this study, Salmonella phage L66 (phage L66) was isolated from sewage by using Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 as the host bacterium, and its basic properties were obtained by biological and bioinformatics analysis. Phage L66 had a broad host spectrum, with an optimal infection complex of 0.1 and an optimal adsorption rate of 90.06%. It also exhibited thermal stability between 30 °C~60 °C and pH stability pH from 3 to 12, and the average lysis amount was 46 PFU/cell. The genome sequence analysis showed that the genome length of phage L66 was 157,675 bp and the average GC content was 46.13%. It was predicted to contain 209 genes, 97 of which were annotated with known functions based on the evolutionary analysis, and phage L66 was attributed to the Kuttervirus genus. Subsequently, an electrochemical sensor using phage L66 as a recognition factor was developed and the working electrode GDE-AuNPs-MPA-Phage L66 was prepared by layer-by-layer assembly for the detection of Salmonella. The slope of the impedance was 0.9985 within the scope from 20 to 2 × 107 CFU/mL of bacterial concentration. The minimum detection limit of the method was 13 CFU/mL, and the average spiked recovery rate was 102.3% with a relative standard deviation of 5.16%. The specificity and stability of this sensor were excellent, and it can be applied for the rapid detection of Salmonella in various foods. It provides a phage-based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of pathogenic bacteria.