Virus diarrhoea associated with pale fatty faeces

Thomas, Mair E. M.; Luton, P; Mortimer, Janet

doi:10.1017/s0022172400069539

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Clinically apparent hepatitis in association with rotavirus infection has not been described elsewhere, although there are several reports of elevated transaminase levels (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) and one of hepatomegaly in children (19,31,32). Pale, fatty feces have also been associated with rotavirus infection (34). A single report exists in which rotavirus-like particles were found in a hepatic abscess (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extramucosal spread and development of hepatitis in immunodeficient and normal mice infected with rhesus rotavirus

Uhnoo

Riepenhoff-Talty

Dharakul

et al. 1990

J Virol

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The pathogenic profiles of two heterologous animal rotaviruses, rhesus rotavirus strain MMU 18006 and bovine rotavirus strain WC3, were evaluated in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID mice) and normal BALB/c mice. Control animals were inoculated with homologous murine strain EDIM 5099 or a tissue culture-adapted murine rotavirus. Heterologous infection with rhesus rotavirus resulted in hepatitis in 84% of SCID and 21% of BALB/c mice, with mortality rates of 27 and 0%, respectively. Surviving SCID animals developed chronic liver disease, while symptoms in BALB/c mice resolved in 2 to 4 weeks after onset. Histopathologic examination revealed a diffuse hepatitis with focal areas of parenchymal necrosis. Rotavirus was detected in liver tissue from 100% of 29 SCID and 85% (11 of 13) BALB/c animals tested by cell culture infectivity, immunofluorescence, or electron microscopy. No extramucosal spread of virus or hepatitis was observed after infection with heterologous bovine strain WC3 or homologous murine rotaviruses. This finding of a novel rotavirus-induced disease manifestation suggests altered tissue tropism in a heterologous host for a group of viruses previously shown to replicate exclusively in the gut mucosa. The implications of our observations suggest that in human vaccine trials utilizing heterologous rotavirus strains, special attention should be paid to children with immunodeficiency disorders, and screening for hepatic function should be included in vaccine protocols.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extramucosal spread and development of hepatitis in immunodeficient and normal mice infected with rhesus rotavirus

Uhnoo

Riepenhoff-Talty

Dharakul

et al. 1990

J Virol

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“…Symptoms associated with intestinal malabsorption include weight loss, diarrhea, greasy stools (due to high fat content), gas and abdominal bloating, and protein-losing enteropathy. RV infection has been associated with detection of fat in the stool of infected children ( 47 – 49 ) and protein-losing enteropathy ( 50 – 54 ). While lack of expression of absorptive enzymes and apical ion transporters and functional changes in tight junctions between enterocytes that lead to paracellular leakage in RV-infected cells have been previously reported, the mechanisms that induce these changes were not defined ( 22 , 55 , 56 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus-mediated DGAT1 degradation: A pathophysiological mechanism of viral-induced malabsorptive diarrhea

Liu,

Smith,

Criglar

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Gastroenteritis is among the leading causes of mortality globally in infants and young children, with rotavirus (RV) causing ~258 million episodes of diarrhea and ~128,000 deaths annually in infants and children. RV-induced mechanisms that result in diarrhea are not completely understood, but malabsorption is a contributing factor. RV alters cellular lipid metabolism by inducing lipid droplet (LD) formation as a platform for replication factories named viroplasms. A link between LD formation and gastroenteritis has not been identified. We found that diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), the terminal step in triacylglycerol synthesis required for LD biogenesis, is degraded in RV-infected cells by a proteasome-mediated mechanism. RV-infected DGAT1-silenced cells show earlier and increased numbers of LD-associated viroplasms per cell that translate into a fourfold-to-fivefold increase in viral yield ( P < 0.05). Interestingly, DGAT1 deficiency in children is associated with diarrhea due to altered trafficking of key ion transporters to the apical brush border of enterocytes. Confocal microscopy and immunoblot analyses of RV-infected cells and DGAT1 −/− human intestinal enteroids (HIEs) show a decrease in expression of nutrient transporters, ion transporters, tight junctional proteins, and cytoskeletal proteins. Increased phospho-eIF2α (eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha) in DGAT1 −/− HIEs, and RV-infected cells, indicates a mechanism for malabsorptive diarrhea, namely inhibition of translation of cellular proteins critical for nutrient digestion and intestinal absorption. Our study elucidates a pathophysiological mechanism of RV-induced DGAT1 deficiency by protein degradation that mediates malabsorptive diarrhea, as well as a role for lipid metabolism, in the pathogenesis of gastroenteritis.

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“…Although nausea, abdominal pain, fever, and upper respiratory tract symptoms are sometimes observed during norovirus infection, 8 we did not include these symptoms as part of our case definition because sensitivity and specificity of these symptoms for NLI are known to be lower than those of diarrhea and vomiting. To identify the norovirus infection more specifically, we imposed the following exclusion criteria: (i) patients with pale feces, which is more likely indicative of rotavirus infection than a norovirus infection; 9 and (ii) patients with bloody stool, which is possibly suggestive of Escherichia coli infection or other bacterial infections. 10 Patients whose illness had a high likelihood of being attributed to other causes, such as pregnancy, and patients who were diagnosed with an influenza virus infection by a doctor were also not included in the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household transmission of acute gastroenteritis during the winter season in Japan

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesAcute gastroenteritis, including illness caused by norovirus, is sometimes transmissible among susceptible persons who experience close contact, including those within a household, and it disturbs social activities of patients and their family. However, epidemiological assessment of the transmissibility and its heterogeneity has not been conducted. The present study aimed to quantify the frequency of household transmission that was likely caused by norovirus, and characterize its determinants.MethodsA household survey was conducted, analyzing the history of suspected norovirus infection from January to March, 2017. Noro-like illness was clinically defined as a patient with either: (i) diarrhea or vomiting multiple times a day; or (ii) diarrhea or vomiting persisting for 2 or more days.ResultsAmong 380 households, 132 households (34.7%) were eligible for epidemiological analysis, with an estimated secondary attack risk of 13.8% (38/276). Age-specific secondary attack risk was highest among index case patients aged 0 to 14 years (25.8%). The prevalence of vomiting in this age group was higher than in other age groups, with an odds ratio of household transmission estimated at 4.3.ConclusionsAge-dependent heterogeneity was successfully identified, offering critical insights into future considerations for norovirus control at various social settings.

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Virus diarrhoea associated with pale fatty faeces

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Extramucosal spread and development of hepatitis in immunodeficient and normal mice infected with rhesus rotavirus

Extramucosal spread and development of hepatitis in immunodeficient and normal mice infected with rhesus rotavirus

Rotavirus-mediated DGAT1 degradation: A pathophysiological mechanism of viral-induced malabsorptive diarrhea

Household transmission of acute gastroenteritis during the winter season in Japan

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