Virus-host Interactions in Early Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection

Zhu, Yu; He, Zhiwei; Qi, Zhongtian

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199120

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…The E protein is considered to be the most important immunogen [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. JEV can cause serious infectious disease symptoms in humans and spread worldwide [ 6 ]. Many animals infected with JEV can become the source of transmission, of which pigs are the important host, the most important source of infection, and the amplifying host of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype Change in Circulating JEV Strains in Fujian Province, China

Dong,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Japanese encephalitis (JE), found in pigs, is a serious mosquito-borne zoonotic infectious disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JEV is maintained in an enzootic cycle between mosquitoes and amplifying vertebrate hosts, mainly pigs and wading birds. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito, allowing the pathogen to spread and cause disease epidemics. However, there is little research on JEV genotype variation in mosquitoes and pigs in Fujian province. Previous studies have shown that the main epidemic strain of JEV in Fujian Province is genotype III. In this study, a survey of mosquito species diversity in pig farms and molecular evolutionary analyses of JEV were conducted in Fujian, China, in the summer of 2019. A total of 19,177 mosquitoes were collected at four sites by UV trap. Four genera were identified, of which the Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the most common mosquito species, accounting for 76.4% of the total (14,651/19,177). Anopheles sinensi (19.25%, 3691/19,177) was the second largest species. High mosquito infection rateswere an important factor in the outbreak. The captured mosquito samples were milled and screened with JEV-specific primers. Five viruses were isolated, FJ1901, FJ1902, FJ1903, FJ1904, and FJ1905. Genetic affinity was determined by analyzing the envelope (E) gene variants. The results showed that they are JEV gene type I and most closely related to the strains SH-53 and SD0810. In this study, it was found through genetic evolution analysis that the main epidemic strain of JE in pig farms changed from gene type III to gene type I. Compared with the SH-53 and SD0810 strains, we found no change in key sites related to antigenic activity and neurovirulence of JEV in Fujian JEV and pig mosquito strains, respectively. The results of the study provide basic data for analyzing the genotypic shift of JEV in Fujian Province and support the prevention and control of JEV.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype Change in Circulating JEV Strains in Fujian Province, China

Dong,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was chosen as the model virus. JEV is a mosquito-borne pathogenic flavivirus that can cause acute viral encephalitis in humans. , Its outbreaks pose a major threat to both public health and the social economy, especially in the areas with low vaccine coverage or limited diagnostic capacity . The early researches mainly focused on using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or labeling viral envelope and RNA to study the mechanism of virus infection of cells. − But they all have some drawbacks, for example, using some biochemical methods to mark the viral envelope and RNA may affect the entry of the virus into cells and subsequent virus genome release.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…JEV is a mosquito-borne pathogenic flavivirus that can cause acute viral encephalitis in humans. 33,34 Its outbreaks pose a major threat to both public health and the social economy, especially in the areas with low vaccine coverage or limited diagnostic capacity. 35 The early researches mainly focused on using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or labeling viral envelope and RNA to study the mechanism of virus infection of cells.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allosteric Activator-Regulated CRISPR/Cas12a System Enables Biosensing and Imaging of Intracellular Endogenous and Exogenous Targets

Li,

Ma,

Wang

et al. 2024

Anal. Chem.

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Sensors designed based on the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a systems have opened up a new era in the field of biosensing. The current design of CRISPR/Cas12-based sensors in the "on−off−on" mode mainly focuses on programming the activator strand (AS) to indirectly switch the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a in response to target information. However, this design usually requires the help of additional auxiliary probes to keep the activator strand in an initially "blocked" state. The length design and dosage of the auxiliary probe need to be strictly optimized to ensure the lowest background and the best signal-to-noise ratio. This will inevitably increase the experiment complexity. To solve this problem, we propose using AS after the "RESET" effect to directly regulate the Cas12a enzymatic activity. Initially, the activator strand was rationally designed to be embedded in a hairpin structure to deprive its ability to activate the CRISPR/Cas12a system. When the target is present, targetmediated strand displacement causes the conformation change in the AS, the hairpin structure is opened, and the CRISPR/Cas12a system is reactivated; the switchable structure of AS can be used to regulate the degree of activation of Cas12a according to the target concentration. Due to the advantages of low background and stability, the CRISPR/Cas12a-based strategy can not only image endogenous biomarkers (miR-21) in living cells but also enable long-term and accurate imaging analysis of the process of exogenous virus invasion of cells. Release and replication of virus genome in host cells are indispensable hallmark events of cell infection by virus; sensitive monitoring of them is of great significance to revealing virus infection mechanism and defending against viral diseases.

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“…JEV can infect a wide range of cells, including mammalian, avian, and mosquito, by using different attachment factors or receptors to enter cells [ 11 ]. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) mainly include GRP78/HSP70/90, which promote JEV entry into different cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between hTIM-1 and Envelope Protein Is Important for JEV Infection

Liang

Pan

Xie

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic virus, is one of the most important causes of human viral encephalitis. JEV relies on various attachment or entry co-factors to enter host cells. Among these co-factors, hTIM-1 has been identified as an attachment factor to promote JEV infection through interacting with phosphatidylserine (PS) on the viral envelope. However, the reasons why JEV prefers to use hTIM-1 over other PS binding receptors are unknown. Here, we demonstrated that hTIM-1 can directly interact with JEV E protein. The interaction between hTIM-1 and JEV relies on specific binding sites, respectively, ND114115 in the hTIM-1 IgV domain and K38 of the E protein. Furthermore, during the early stage of infection, hTIM-1 and JEV are co-internalized into cells and transported into early and late endosomes. Additionally, we found that the hTIM-1 soluble ectodomain protein effectively inhibits JEV infection in vitro. Moreover, hTIM-1-specific antibodies have been shown to downregulate JEV infectivity in cells. Taken together, these findings suggested that hTIM-1 protein directly interacts with JEV E protein and mediates JEV infection, in addition to the PS-TIM-1 interaction.

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Virus-host Interactions in Early Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection

Cited by 9 publications

References 107 publications

Genotype Change in Circulating JEV Strains in Fujian Province, China

Genotype Change in Circulating JEV Strains in Fujian Province, China

Allosteric Activator-Regulated CRISPR/Cas12a System Enables Biosensing and Imaging of Intracellular Endogenous and Exogenous Targets

Interaction between hTIM-1 and Envelope Protein Is Important for JEV Infection

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