Virus-Host Interactions: New Insights and Advances in Drug Development Against Viral Pathogens

Prasad, Minakshi; Ranjan, Koushlesh; Brar, Basanti; Shah, Ikbal; Lalmbe, Upendra; Manimegalai, J; Vashisht, Bhavya; Gaury, Madhusudan; Kumar, Pawan; Khurana, Sandip Kumar; Prasad, Gaya; Rawat, Jagveer; Yadav, Vikas; Kumar, Sunil; Rao, Rekha

doi:10.2174/1389200218666170925115132

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 251 publications

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“…The main advantages of polymeric nanoparticles are site-specific targeting, control or sustained drug release, amenability to various routes of administration, maximum drug utilization, ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and high bioavailability, improved dissolution for low aqueous soluble drugs, and prevention of biological drug degradation [45,53,54].…”

Section: Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Dermal Delivery Cargos of Clobetasol Propionate: An Update

et al. 2022

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Dermal disorders such as psoriasis and eczema are associated with modifications in the chemical and molecular composition of the skin. Clobetasol propionate (CP), a superpotent topical glucocorticoid, is widely used for the therapeutic management of various skin conditions, owing to its strong anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, vasoconstrictive, and antiproliferative activities. Safety studies demonstrated that CP is safer for a shorter period, however, with prolonged application, it shows secondary side effects such as photosensitivity, Cushing-like syndrome, allergic contact dermatitis, osteonecrosis, hypopigmentation, steroid acne, and skin atrophy. Therefore, the US FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration) has restricted the usage of CP to not more than 15 days. Research scientists addressed its several formulations and drug delivery issues, such as low water solubility, less stability, photodegradation, and poor absorption, by incorporating them into novel nanobased delivery platforms. With the utilization of these technologies, these drawbacks of CP have been resolved to a large extent to reestablish this moiety. This article explores the physicochemical properties and mechanism of action of CP. Additionally, an attempt has been made to discover and highlight the possible features of the novel nanosystems, including nanoemulsions, nanosponges, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and nanogels, reported for CP. The stability and safety concerns of CP, along with its commercial status, are also discussed.

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Section: Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Dermal Delivery Cargos of Clobetasol Propionate: An Update

et al. 2022

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“…Since 2006, the WHO has recommended research into antiviral molecules to treat dengue [10]; however, to date, there is no medication approved for specific treatment of this disease, and, although research has reportedly evaluated molecules that inhibit the virus entry into the cell, none of these have been used to treat patients. On the other hand, gene translation inhibitory molecules have been reported, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNA), double-stranded RNA molecules of approximately 21-25 mer, which have shown antiviral activity against various types of viruses during the last decade, including against flaviviruses, such as DENV [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Inhibition of Replication of Dengue Virus Serotypes 1–4 by siRNAs Bound to Non-Toxic Liposomes

Rodríguez-Salazar

Recalde-Reyes

Bedoya

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Dengue virus is a ssRNA+ flavivirus, which produces the dengue disease in humans. Currently, no specific treatment exists. siRNAs regulate gene expression and have been used systematically to silence viral genomes; however, they require controlled release. Liposomes show favorable results encapsulating siRNA for gene silencing. The objective herein was to design and evaluate in vitro siRNAs bound to liposomes that inhibit DENV replication. siRNAs were designed against DENV1–4 from conserved regions using siDirect2.0 and Web-BLOCK-iT™ RNAiDesigner; the initial in vitro evaluation was carried out through transfection into HepG2 cells. siRNA with silencing capacity was encapsulated in liposomes composed of D-Lin-MC3-DMA, DSPC, Chol. Cytotoxicity, hemolysis, pro-inflammatory cytokine release and antiviral activity were evaluated using plaque assay and RT-qPCR. A working concentration of siRNA was established at 40 nM. siRNA1, siRNA2, siRNA3.1, and siRNA4 were encapsulated in liposomes, and their siRNA delivery through liposomes led to a statistically significant decrease in viral titers, yielded no cytotoxicity or hemolysis and did not stimulate release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, liposomes were designed with siRNA against DENV, which proved to be safe in vitro.

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“…Viruses rely on the host cellular machinery to ensure their replication. Host-directed therapies (HDTs) take advantage of this dependency and attempt to disrupt the virus replication cycle by inhibiting essential host factors ( 12 – 17 ). Host genes that viruses rely on for survival have a low propensity to mutate within the treatment time frame, and adaptation of the virus to compensatory host factors likely occurs only under long-term selection pressure of a host-directed antiviral.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target Discovery for Host-Directed Antiviral Therapies: Application of Proteomics Approaches

et al. 2021

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Current epidemics, such as HIV or influenza, and the emergence of new threatening pathogens, such as the one causing the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, represent major global health challenges. While vaccination is an important part of the arsenal to counter the spread of viral diseases, it presents limitations and needs to be complemented by efficient therapeutic solutions.

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Virus-Host Interactions: New Insights and Advances in Drug Development Against Viral Pathogens

Abstract: The present review is aimed at providing an update on research and development efforts being made to create effective antiviral chemotherapeutic agents and approaches to their delivery to appropriate targeted cells or tissues.

Cited by 10 publications

References 251 publications

Novel Dermal Delivery Cargos of Clobetasol Propionate: An Update

Novel Dermal Delivery Cargos of Clobetasol Propionate: An Update

In Vitro Inhibition of Replication of Dengue Virus Serotypes 1–4 by siRNAs Bound to Non-Toxic Liposomes

Target Discovery for Host-Directed Antiviral Therapies: Application of Proteomics Approaches

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