Viruses in Forest Trees

Nienhaus, F.; Castello, John D.

doi:10.1146/annurev.py.27.090189.001121

Cited by 56 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Diseases of forest trees of uncertain aetiology are distributed worldwide. However, little is known about the nature of the virus‐like symptoms of coniferous plants in Europe (Nienhaus and Castello, 1989). During the last decade the economic importance of some plant diseases associated with phytoplasma infection has increased considerably in many countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pini’ in Pinus sylvestris trees in Poland

Śliwa¹,

Kamińska²,

Korszun³

et al. 2007

Journal of Phytopathology

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Abnormal shoot branching was observed in Pinus sylvestris trees in Poland. These abnormalities resulted in the formation of dense, ball-like structures with dwarfed needles. The presence of phytoplasma in the needles of branched and surrounding symptomless shoots was demonstrated using nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with universal primer pairs that amplified phytoplasma 16S rDNA, as well as using restriction fragment length polymorphic analysis of PCR products. Comparison of nucleotide sequences of DNA samples from three P. sylvestris trees with balllike structures revealed that their fragments of 16S rDNA were identical. The nucleotide sequence showed more than 99% similarity with the corresponding fragments of sequence of ÔCandidatus phytoplasma piniÕ.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pini’ in Pinus sylvestris trees in Poland

Śliwa¹,

Kamińska²,

Korszun³

et al. 2007

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…The polyclonal antibody which was developed against an elderberry isolate of CLRV may not recognise all strains of the virus, because it is known that the species consists of different serotypes (Rowhani and Mircetich 1988, Jones et al 1990, Rebenstorf et al 2006. Furthermore, it cannot be excluded that other viruses are involved in the disease affecting birches (Nienhaus and Castello 1989). Although the symptoms in birch are characteristic for an infection with CLRV (Schmelzer 1972, Cooper andAtkinson 1975), Koch´s postulates remain to be fulfilled in order to prove CLRV as causal agent of the disease observed in birch species in Finland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cherry leaf roll virus – an emerging virus in Finland?

Bargen¹,

Grubits²,

Jalkanen³

et al. 2009

Silva Fenn.

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Cherry leaf roll virus, CLRV, is a plant pathogen that infects a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs in temperate regions. Little is known about its occurrence at high latitudes and especially in Finnish birch species. Still, symptoms that seemed to be associated with CLRV such as vein banding, leaf roll and decline have been observed in birch trees throughout the country since the summer of 2002. Six different birch species, subspecies or varieties, i.e. Betula pubescens subsp. pubescens (downy birch), B. pendula (silver birch), B. nana (dwarf birch), B. pubescens var. appressa (Kiilopää birch), B. pubescens subsp. czerepanovii (mountain birch) and B. pendula var. carelica (curly birch) originating from all over Finland were assessed by immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) for CLRV infection. It was shown that CLRV is widely distributed in B. pendula and B. pubescens throughout the country. Furthermore, dwarf birch, mountain birch, Kiilopää birch and curly birch were confirmed to be previously unkown hosts of CLRV. Genetic analysis of virus sequence variants originating from Finnish birch trees revealed atypical phylogenetic relationships. In contrast to CLRV isolates from birches growing in the United Kingdom and Germany which clustered exclusively within group A, Finnish CLRV isolates belonged either to group B, D or E. Thus, virus population structure in Finnish birches seems to be more variable and host plant dependency seems not to apply for Finnish CLRV isolates.

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“…Other pathogens also impinge on the health of Populus , including viruses (Cooper, 1993;Nienhaus & Castello, 1989). The best characterized viral pathogen of Populus species is Poplar mosaic virus (PopMV) (Biddle & Tinsley, 1971a, 1971b, 1971cAtkinson & Cooper, 1976;Brunt et al ., 1976;van der Meer et al ., 1980;Cooper & Edwards, 1981;Henderson et al ., 1992;von Kontzog & Ebrahim-Nesbat, 1992;Cooper, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of the poplar transcriptome to wounding and subsequent infection by a viral pathogen

et al. 2004

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Summary• The Populus-Poplar Mosaic Virus (PopMV) pathosystem is the best characterized of all forest tree-virus interactions. The details of the host response to this virus are completely unknown.• The transcript abundance for approximately 10 000 Populus genes was simultaneously interrogated using spotted cDNA microarrays. Relative transcript abundance was compared for RNA extracted from Populus leaves that were untreated, mockinoculated leaves that were wounded by leaf abrasion and inoculated leaves that were abraded and then infected by virus.• Statistical analysis of the microarray data identified suites of genes that exhibited increased or decreased transcript abundance in response to wounding, systemic PopMV infection or both together. Genes implicated in programmed cell death, and cell wall reinforcement were a major feature of the wound response, whereas genes encoding metallothionein-like proteins, and proteins implicated in cell wall remodelling were a major feature of the PopMV response.• The identification of wound-and PopMV-regulated genes opens the door for future studies aimed at testing specific hypotheses related to the mechanisms used by forest trees to contend with stress.

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Viruses in Forest Trees

Cited by 56 publications

References 48 publications

Detection of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pini’ in Pinus sylvestris trees in Poland

Detection of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pini’ in Pinus sylvestris trees in Poland

Cherry leaf roll virus – an emerging virus in Finland?

The response of the poplar transcriptome to wounding and subsequent infection by a viral pathogen

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