Viscero-visceral hyperalgesia: Characterization in different clinical models

Giamberardino, Maria Adele; Costantini, Raffaele; Affaitati, Giannapia; Fabrizio, Alessandra; Lapenna, Domenico; Tafuri, Emmanuele; Mezzetti, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.06.023

Cited by 158 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Behavior testing was based on the concept of cutaneous hyperalgesia resulting from referred visceral pain [8][9][10] . An irritable focus in visceral tissues reduces cutaneous pain thresholds allowing for an exaggerated response to normally non-painful stimuli (allodynia).…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurement of Tactile Allodynia in a Murine Model of Bacterial Prostatitis

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2013

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Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are pathogens that play an important role in urinary tract infections and bacterial prostatitis 1 . We have recently shown that UPEC have an important role in the initiation of chronic pelvic pain 2 , a feature of Chronic prostatitis/Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) 3,4 . Infection of the prostate by clinically relevant UPEC can initiate and establish chronic pain through mechanisms that may involve tissue damage and the initiation of mechanisms of autoimmunity 5 .A challenge to understanding the pathogenesis of UPEC in the prostate is the relative inaccessibility of the prostate gland to manipulation. We utilized a previously described intraurethral infection method 6 to deliver a clinical strain of UPEC into male mice thereby establishing an ascending infection of the prostate. Here, we describe our protocols for standardizing the bacterial inoculum 7 as well as the procedure for catheterizing anesthetized male mice for instillation of bacteria.CP/CPPS is primarily characterized by the presence of tactile allodynia 4 . Behavior testing was based on the concept of cutaneous hyperalgesia resulting from referred visceral pain [8][9][10] . An irritable focus in visceral tissues reduces cutaneous pain thresholds allowing for an exaggerated response to normally non-painful stimuli (allodynia). Application of normal force to the skin result in abnormal responses that tend to increase with the intensity of the underlying visceral pain. We describe methodology in NOD/ShiLtJ mice that utilize von Frey fibers to quantify tactile allodynia over time in response to a single infection with UPEC bacteria. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at http://www.jove.com/video/50158/ Protocol Bacteria Preparation for Mouse InoculationThe following must be done under aseptic conditions. 1. Take one 17 x 100 mm polypropylene tubes with caps and add 3 ml of fresh Luria broth (LB) media. Using autoclaved tips, take some frozen bacteria glycerol stock of strain CP1 2 and transfer a small quantity of the culture into the tube containing the LB media. Replace the tube cap so that oxygen is still able to enter the tube -the culture needs to grow under aerobic conditions. Place tube at 37 °C in a shaking incubator at 220 rpm overnight. 2. The next day, transfer 5 μl of overnight culture to a fresh tube with 3 ml LB media and grow under static conditions in an incubator overnight at 37 °C. 3. On day 3 transfer 40 μl of culture into a a 50 ml tube containing 40 ml LB media each. Place in a 37 °C static incubator overnight. 4. Turn on and set centrifuge to 4 °C. Once centrifuge has reached final temperature, transfer each 40 ml culture into a 40 ml Nalgene centrifuge tube. 5. Weigh tubes to balance centrifuge -adjust volume with LB media as needed. Spin tubes at 6,000 rpm for 20 min. 6. Carefully remove supernatant and gently suspend bacterial pellet in 40 ml sterile PBS. 7. Repeat step 1.5 with PBS. 8. Aspirate off supernatant and suspend bacteria in 500 μl sterile PBS....

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confidence: 99%

Measurement of Tactile Allodynia in a Murine Model of Bacterial Prostatitis

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“…Referred pain in patients with MPS is due to the ease of inducing central sensitization, because the peripheral muscle nociceptor threshold is lower than that in other systems. 16) ESWT may interrupt the cascade of referred pain by inhibiting peripheral muscle nociceptors and reducing levels of substance P. 13) According to Hausdorf et al, 17,18) ESWT reduces musculoskeletal tissue pain by selectively destroying non-myelinated fibers, and it reduced substance P levels in the dorsal root ganglia in an animal study. The prevalence of MPS is 21% to 85% among individuals with regional pain.…”

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confidence: 99%

Is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Effective in the Treatment of Myofascial Pain Syndrome?

Kim¹,

Park²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow

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Background: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is one of the treatment options used for patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS), although its effectiveness is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ESWT in the treatment of MPS in terms of pain relief and functional improvements. Methods: We assessed 93 patients with MPS who underwent ESWT from March 2009 to July 2014. After exclusion of 25 patients with shoulder diseases, 68 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean follow-up period was 7.5 months (± 4.2 weeks), and the average duration of symptoms was 5 months (range, 2-16 months). ESWT was applied to intramuscular taut bands and referred pain areas once a week for 3 weeks. Visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores were obtained at an initial assessment and at the 6-week, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up assessments. Results: VAS pain scores and ASES scores improved significantly after 3 sessions of ESWT (p<0.05). Both scores were improved, although not significantly, after 6 weeks (p>0.05). Conclusions: ESWT is an effective treatment option for patients with MPS.

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“…For example, myofascial pain syndromes significantly co-occur with headache, fibromyalgia, and various types of visceral pain 24 . Different visceral pain syndromes very often co-exist in the same patients, e.g., ischemic heart disease and biliary calculosis, and acute painful disorders of multiple pelvic viscera 25 . Headache disorders, affecting nearly half the world's adult population significantly co-exist with fibromyalgia, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, or irritable bowel syndrome, with epidemiological findings suggesting that comorbid pain conditions may enhance the transition of episodic to chronic headache [26][27][28] .…”

Section: Pain and Comorbiditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%