Viscosities of Cesium Vapor to 1620 K and of Liquid Gallium to 1800 K

Abstract

The viscosity of cesium at 1620 K and 40 bar has been determined to 41· 10−6 (Pa· s) by the oscillating cup method. The saturated vapor density at 1580 K could be derived from the viscosity measurements. The viscosity of liquid gallium has been determined from 370 K to 1800 K. The experimental results have been compared with calculations based on the Enskog hard‐sphere transport theory for dense fluids.

Temperature-dependent structure evolution in liquid gallium

“…Structural examinations reveal that two liquid regimes below and above the critical temperature of about 1000 K having distinct differences in diffusion activation energies and heat capacities, show changes in coordination number, bond-orientational order, fractions of covalent dimers, string length and atomic packing. Previous reported data of density [59], viscosity [60], electric resistivity and absolute thermoelectric power [61,62] of liquid Ga also support our observation, which could further deepen the understanding of liquids.…”

“…As shown in Fig. 8(b), such a break of agreement between the experimental viscosity points of liquid Ga and Enskog's theory at around 1000 K is also found in the viscosity measurement by Tippelskirch using oscillating cup method [60]. Electrical resistivity of liquid Ga in Fig.…”

“…Thermophysical properties of liquid Ga. a Density of liquid Ga by the gamma absorption method on the dependence of temperature[59]. As guided by the dashed lines, a discontinuous change appears at about 1000 K. b Viscosity of liquid Ga as the dependence of temperature measured by the oscillating cup method[60]. A break of agreement between the experimental points and Enskog's theory could be found above 1000 K marked by the dash lines.…”

Dynamical and transport properties of liquid gallium at high pressures

“…Fig. 6 shows a comparison of the ab initio calculations with the experimental data [34,35] and the classical results obtained using the MEAM potential [1]. We performed calculations of diffusion and viscosity using Eqs.…”

“…Eq. 5 was used to convert the Tippelskirch's viscosity measurements [35] to diffusivity data. The strong overlap of direct measurements of the diffusivity from Riedel [34] with those converted from Tippelskirch's data give us confidence in using Eq.…”