Viscosities of sodium polyacrylate in aqueous sodium chloride

Fujita, Hiroshi; Mitsuhashi, Kaoru; Homma, Takeshi

doi:10.1016/0095-8522(54)90034-3

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…To investigate the effect of CO 2 on η 0 in the presence of DMEA, a loss ratio index, i.e., the ratio of lost η 0 in CO 2 -treated solution to its initial value, was introduced, as displayed in Figure 3b. The data indicates that the loss ratio of η 0 upon introduction of CO 2 increased from 94.6 % to 97.9 % with the increment of DMEA, implying that the protonated DMEA could greatly weaken the viscosity of NaPAA solution, demonstrating behavior similar to that of Na + and Ca 2+ in prior studies [26,27]. However, unlike Na + and Ca 2+ , the loss of NaPAA solution viscosity induced by protonated DMEA could be reversed to some extent, as shown in Figure 3a.…”

Section: Effect Of Dmea Co2-switchable Water On Rheological Properties Of Napaa Solutionssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…However, electrostatic repulsions between the charged groups of NaPAA are susceptible to interference from salts. Fujita et al [26] revealed that an apparent decrease occurred in the viscosity of NaPAA solutions when sodium chloride (NaCl) was added, because the corresponding increase in ionic strength of the solution allowed PAA molecules to coil up more and more tightly. Klaus [27] found that the addition of Ca 2+ to NaPAA solution similarly caused polymer coils to apparently shrink, resulting in dramatic viscosity decreases with incremental introduction of Ca 2+ .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tunable Viscoelastic Properties of Sodium Polyacrylate Solution via CO2-Responsive Switchable Water

Shi

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Upon stimulus by CO2, CO2-switchable viscoelastic fluids experience a deliberate transition between non-viscous and highly viscous solution states. Despite attracting considerable recent attention, most such fluids have not been applied at a large- scale due to their high costs and/or complex synthesis processes. Here, we report the development of CO2-switchable viscoelastic fluids using commercially available sodium polyacrylate (NaPAA) and N,N-dimethyl ethanol amine (DMEA)-based switchable water. Upon bubbling CO2, into the solutions under study, DMEA molecules are protonated to generate quaternary ammonium salts, resulting in pronounced decreases in solutions viscosity and elasticity due to the influence of increased ionic strength on NaPAA molecular conformations. Upon removal of CO2 via introduction of N2, quaternary salts are deprotonated to tertiary amines, allowing recovery of fluid viscosity and elasticity to near the initial state. This work provides a simple approach to fabricating CO2-switchable viscoelastic fluids, widening the potential use of CO2 in stimuli-responsive applications.

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Section: Effect Of Dmea Co2-switchable Water On Rheological Properties Of Napaa Solutionssupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Viscoelastic Properties of Sodium Polyacrylate Solution via CO2-Responsive Switchable Water

Shi

et al. 2021

Molecules

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“…It has a molecular weight of 16,300, as determined by its viscosity in aqueous 0.10 N NaCl solution. 20 To prepare 0.0300 N polyelectrolyte solutions, accurately weighed quantities of polymer were transferred to volumetric flasks and were dissolved in some of the required water. The required quantity of NaCl was then added, allowed to dissolve, and water was added to the mark.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-diffusion coefficients of sodium ion in aqueous sodium polyacrylate solutions containing sodium chloride

Dixler¹,

Ander²

1973

J. Phys. Chem.

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Publication costs assisted by Seton Haii UniversitySelf-diffusion coefficients of sodium ion in aqueous sodium polyacrylate solutions containing sodium chloride have been measured using a capillary method. The experimental values were found to be in good agreement with the values predicted by the line change model for the polyion of Manning. The counterion self-diffusion constant was observed to be inversely dependent on the polyelectrolyte concentration at constant simple salt concentration. An additivity rule for the self.diffusion coefficients of the counterion in a polyelectrolyte-simple salt solution was found.The model which has been considered the most realistic representation for a polyelectrolyte in solution is an infinitely long rod with a continuous charge distribution along its surface. This model was first used approximately 20 years ago1,* and since then it has received much attent i~n .~-~ Unfortunately, for a polyelectrolyte solution containing simple salt, the adjustable parameters which have been used to bring the theoretical predictions into agreement with the experimental results were inconsistent for different polyelectrolytes. Recently, Manning developed limiting laws for polyelectrolyte solutions which obviate these short comings.1° There are no adjustable parameters in the theory. He considered the polyelectrolyte to be an infinitely long line charge which interacts with the small ions about it uza Debye-Huckel interactions. Central to the theory is a nonadjustable linear charge density parameter which is determined from a knowledge of the charge spacing of the polyelectrolyte. Comparison of experimental activities in salt and salt-free solutions with the values predicted from the theory are good, especially in very dilute solutions where the assumptions of the theory are more reasonable.There are few theoretical studies reported dealing with the transport properties of polyelectrolyte solutions, especially for diffusion. Lifson, Jackson, and C~r i e l l l l -~~ were the first to develop theoretical expressions for the self-diffusion of ions in polyelectrolyte solutions. Manning14 was able to extend their procedure to consider polyelectrolyte solution behavior In an electric field. More recently, Manning's limiting laws have been developed for transport properties as well as for equilibrium ~r 0 p e r t i e s . l~ The only additional assumption is that the condensed counterions have negligible mobility along the chain as compared to the uncondensed counterions. Comparison of conductance and self-diffusion results in salt-free solutions indicated a good correlation with theory.Since Manning's theory is most simple in concept, being an extension of simple electrolyte theory, and simple to use, it should be subjected to extensive experimental verification. In this light, we have initiated a systematic study of self-diffusion experiments for ions in salt and salt-free aqueous polyelectrolyte solutions. Here we report the results of the determination of the self-diffusion coefficients of Na+ in...

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The second virial coefficient in polyelectrolyte solutions with extraneous salt

Inagaki

Oda

1956

Makromol. Chem.

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Die Grenzviskositat und der osmotische Druck des celluloseglykolsauren Natriums wurden in wa13rigen Losungen von Natriumchlorid gemessen. Das von der Viskositatsmessung abgeleitete Argument gab an, da13 eine bestimmte Zahl von Gegenionen sich mit dem Fadenmolekiilion assoziierte und daher die elektrolytischen Eigenschaften des Fadenmolekiilions durch eine kleinere Zahl von ionisierbaren Gruppen als die stochiometrische Zalil (Z) dargestellt werden miil3ten. Diese charakteristische Zahl (Z*), die wir die ,,effektive" Zahl der ionisierbaren Gruppen nennen mochten, lieB sich berechnen, indem die von Pals und Hermans zur Abschatzung der Viskositatsdaten der Polyelektrolytlosungen vorgeschlagene Methode mit gleichzeitiger Rucksicht auf die Flory-Foxsche Viskositatsregel angewendet wurde.Es wurde gefunden, da13 der reduzierte osmotische Druck eine lineare Funktion der Polymerkonzentration war. Der zweite Virialkoeffizient wurde durch die Menge des zusatzlichen Salzes betrachtlich beeinflufit, und zwar derartig, da13 die Tendenz sich in die Donnansche Theorie des Membrangleichgewichts fiigte. Im quantitativen Sinne aber war der Unterschied zwischen den beobachteten und berechneten Werten sehr grol3. Dieser Unterschied konnte durch die Einfiihrung des Verhaltnisses, Z*/Z, merklich herabgesetzt werden. Von den hergebrachten Anschauungen unterscheidet sich die vorliegende Erklarung darin, daR Nachdruck auf die Assoziation der Gegenionen mit den FadenmoIekiihonen gelegt wird. 1Hiroshi Inagaki and Tomikazu Oda the Donnan equilibrium, but its magnitude deviated markedly below that calculated on the basis of the theory. This large difference was reduced to a certain extent by introducing a ratio Z*/Z into the Donnan term. Differing from any other interpretations hitherto made for this difference, it was emphasized that this is to be attributed to the association of counterions with the polyelectrolyte molecule.

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Viscosities of sodium polyacrylate in aqueous sodium chloride

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Tunable Viscoelastic Properties of Sodium Polyacrylate Solution via CO2-Responsive Switchable Water

Tunable Viscoelastic Properties of Sodium Polyacrylate Solution via CO2-Responsive Switchable Water

Self-diffusion coefficients of sodium ion in aqueous sodium polyacrylate solutions containing sodium chloride

The second virial coefficient in polyelectrolyte solutions with extraneous salt

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