Viscosities of the Ternary Systems Y(NO₃)₃ + Ce(NO₃)₃ + H₂O, Y(NO₃)₃ + Nd(NO₃)₃ + H₂O, and Ce(NO₃)₃ + Nd(NO₃)₃ + H₂O and Their Binary Subsystems at Different Temperatures and Atmospheric Pressure

Abstract

Viscosities were measured for the ternary systems Y(NO 3 ) 3 + Ce(NO 3 ) 3 + H 2 O, Y(NO 3 ) 3 + Nd(NO 3 ) 3 + H 2 O, and Ce(NO 3 ) 3 + Nd(NO 3 ) 3 + H 2 O and their binary subsystems Y(NO 3 ) 3 + H 2 O, Ce(NO 3 ) 3 + H 2 O, and Nd(NO 3 ) 3 + H 2 O at (293.15, 298.15, and 308.15) K and atmospheric pressure.The results were used to test the applicability of simple equations for the viscosity of mixed solutions. The predictions agree well with measured values, implying that the viscosities of the examined electrolyte solutions can be related to those of their constituent binary solutions using these simple equations.

Volumetric and Viscometric Studies of Amino Acids in Mannitol Aqueous Solutions at T = (293.15 to 323.15) K

“…The viscosity η of all solutions was calculated by the following equation: where η, ρ, t and η w , ρ w , t w are viscosity, density, and flow time of the solution and water, respectively. The viscosity of water was obtained from the ref .…”

Density and Viscosity of the Ternary Systems [NMP][MSA] + LaCl3 + H2O, [NMP][BSA] + LaCl3 + H2O, and [NMP][p-TSA] + LaCl3 + H2O at Different Temperatures and Atmospheric Pressure

“…Four Cannon–Ubbelohde suspended level capillary viscometers (the viscometer constants were 0.001700, 0.001996, 0.002697, 0.003702, and 0.007514 mm 2 ·s –2 ) were used to measure the viscosities, , and a thermostatic water bath (monitored by a DP95 digital RTD thermometer with an standard uncertainty of 0.01 K) was used to control the experimental temperatures. These capillary viscometers were calibrated and credited by the company, with a standard uncertainty of 0.1% .…”

“…Four Cannon–Ubbelohde suspended level capillary viscometers (the viscometer constants were 0.001700, 0.001996, 0.002697, 0.003702, and 0.007514 mm 2 ·s –2 ) were used to measure the viscosities, , and a thermostatic water bath (monitored by a DP95 digital RTD thermometer with an standard uncertainty of 0.01 K) was used to control the experimental temperatures. These capillary viscometers were calibrated and credited by the company, with a standard uncertainty of 0.1% . After the specific temperature was achieved, a digital electronic watch was used to record the efflux time of the solutions, and the corresponding expanded uncertainty with 0.95 level of confidence was estimated to be 0.01 s. At least triplicate measurements were made for each sample.…”

“…These capillary viscometers were calibrated and credited by the company, with a standard uncertainty of 0.1%. 28 After the specific temperature was achieved, a digital electronic watch was used to record the efflux time of the solutions, and the corresponding expanded uncertainty with 0.95 level of confidence was estimated to be 0.01 s. At least triplicate measurements were made for each sample.…”

Densities and Viscosities of the Binary and Ternary Aqueous Solutions of Pyrrolidone-Based Ionic Liquids at Different Temperatures and Atmospheric Pressure

“…These capillary viscometers were calibrated and credited by the company, with a stated precision of 0.1 %. 51 This leaded to a relative standard uncertainty of less than 0.5 % in the viscosity measurement. After the specific temperature was achieved, a digital electronic watch was used to record the efflux time of the solutions, and the corresponding uncertainty was estimated to be ± 0.01 s, which resulted in a relative standard uncertainty of less than 0.03 % in the viscosity measurement.…”