This critical review provides a critical discussion of the current state of knowledge of the key factors influencing the solubility of gases in ionic liquids (ILs), including sample purity, experimental methodology, "molecular" characteristics of ILs, temperature and pressure. The review starts with a brief introduction to the current developments and the existing problems in the studies of the gas solubility in ILs. Then, the experimental, computational and theoretical developments in conformational equilibria of ions, in nanosegregated polar and nonpolar domains in ILs, and in the mechanisms for dissolution of gases in ILs are discussed and subsequently collaborated together with our freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopic and Raman measurements to propose the new microscopic mechanism for dissolving the gases in ILs. Next, a critical and quantitative analysis of the influences of the sample purity and the experimental methodology on the gas solubility is made so that the "real" relationships between structure and solubility property can be revealed. In addition, a systematic and deeper understanding of how the "molecular" features of the ILs, the temperature, and the pressure influence the gas solubility is provided at the molecular level. In the section of concluding remarks, the comments are made on the molecular criteria for the future design of the ILs to enhance the gas solubility by specifically optimizing the molecular characteristics of the ILs (265 references).

After a single procedure of circumferential ablation with PVI and noninducibility, 82% patients did not have recurrence of AF. The inducibility of AF was related to the recurrence of AF. The atrial substrate affected the outcome of the inducibility.

In this 'real-world' nationwide AF cohort, follow-up HAS-BLED or 'delta HAS-BLED score' was more predictive of major bleeding compared with baseline HAS-BLED or the simple determination of 'modifiable bleeding risk factors'. Bleeding risk in AF is a dynamic process and use of the HAS-BLED score should be to 'flag up' patients potentially at risk for more regular review and follow-up, and to address the modifiable bleeding risk factors during follow-up visits.

Ablation of continuous CFEs after PVI and LA linear ablation had a better long-term efficacy based on the results of single-ablation procedure.