Viscosity Measurement and Structure Analysis of Cr2O3-Bearing CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 Slags

Viscosity Measurements of CaO–SiO₂–CrO Slag

“…7,23) This is primarily due to the fact that Cr 2 O 3 has a low solubility in silicate slags, and is easily combined with divalent metal oxides to form high melting point spinels such as FeO‧Cr 2 O 3 or MgO‧Cr 2 O 3 suspended in the slag 1,2,4) and can also form Cr-O-Cr network structures embedded in Si-O-Si structures. [4][5][6] A large number of Cr-containing phases often leads to a sharp increase in Cr-containing slag viscosity or even slag hardening, which is disadvantageous for chromium recovery. The formation of divalent chromium therefore benefits for the reduction of slag viscosity.…”

“…Good fluidity of a Cr-containing slag is critical to the smelting and refining of such materials. Previous studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] have been performed regarding the viscosity of Cr 2 O 3 -containing slags, demonstrating that an increase in Cr 2 O 3 content leads to an increase in slag viscosity. However, Cr tends to exist primarily as Cr 2 + in molten slag, particularly when equilibrating with metal melts under higher temperatures.…”

Relationship between thermophysical properties and structure of CMAS glass melts based on chromium slag

“…Generally, electrical conductivity is restricted by ion concentration and migration resistance, and the latter is mainly affected by the degree of polymerization, indicating a subtle relation between viscosity and electrical conductivity [15]. Although the viscosity and electrical conductivity of the CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (CMAS) quaternary system have been extensively studied, the quantification relation between these two properties has not been properly investigated [16][17][18][19]. Notably, the main constraining factor is the content of Al 2 O 3 in the CMAS system, which affects not only the cationic concentration, but also the polymerization degree, thereby causing a complex influence on the conductivity [20].…”

Viscosity Measurements of CrO-bearing CaO–SiO₂–5%Al₂O₃–CrO Slag Equilibrating with Metallic Cr

“…Many reports [2][3][4][5][6] have suggested that Cr tends to exist primarily as Cr 2 + in molten slag while CrO x in the CrO x -containing slag is considered as Cr 2 O 3 in previous research. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] CrO and Cr 2 O 3 are considered as basic oxides and amphoteric oxides respectively, because of their different affinities for the microstructure of silicate. 12,16) Based on previous studies on valence of Cr-containing slag, the viscosity of a CrO-containing slag is important for the smelting and refining of Cr-containing metal materials.…”

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] CrO and Cr 2 O 3 are considered as basic oxides and amphoteric oxides respectively, because of their different affinities for the microstructure of silicate. 12,16) Based on previous studies on valence of Cr-containing slag, the viscosity of a CrO-containing slag is important for the smelting and refining of Cr-containing metal materials. In addition, Al 3 + , which is similar to Cr 3 + in slags, is considered an amphoteric cation and can occupy both tetrahedral and octahedral sites.…”