Viscosity of Contrast Media Perturbs Renal Hemodynamics

Abstract

Contrast-induced nephropathy is a common cause of acute renal failure, and the mechanisms underlying this injury are not completely understood. We sought to determine how physicochemical properties of contrast media may contribute to kidney damage in rats. We administered contrast media of equivalent iodine concentrations but differing physiocochemical properties: the high-osmolality iopromide was compared to the high-viscosity iodixanol. In addition, the non-iodinated substances mannitol (equivalent osmolality to iopromide) and dextran (equivalent viscosity to iodixanol) were also studied. Both types of contrast media transiently increased renal and hindquarter blood flow. The high-osmolality agents iopromide and mannitol markedly increased urine production whereas iodixanol, which caused less diuresis, significantly enhanced urine viscosity. Only the high-viscosity agents iodixanol and dextran decreased renal medullary blood flux, erythrocyte concentration, and pO 2 . Moreover, iodixanol prolonged the tubuloglomerular feedback response and increased plasma creatinine levels to a greater extent than iopromide or dextran. Therefore, the viscosity of contrast media may play a significant role in contrast-induced nephropathy.

Effects of iodinated contrast media in a novel model for cerebral vasospasm

“…The groups which received CM had an end concentration of 23 mg iodine/ml (1.8*10 −4 mol/l) (iodixanol, GE Healthcare, Munich, Germany) in the intraluminal solution. The CM concentration is the same shown to cause constriction of renal vasa recta and afferent arterioles, and is within the range possibly reached during intravascular procedures in humans 15,19,20 .…”

Comparison of Contrast Media and Low-Molecular-Weight Dextran for Frequency-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

“…Although a previous study demonstrated that LMD itself had no nephrotoxic potential and was not filtered by the kidney, LMD might influence the reabsorption of fluid at renal tubules in hypovolemia. 20 Therefore, it would be necessary to monitor hypovolemic status when LMD-L is used for OCT. …”

Detailing the Relation Between Renal T2* and Renal Tissue pO2 Using an Integrated Approach of Parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Invasive Physiological Measurements

“…All renal T 2 * maps were carefully checked for susceptibility artifacts induced by the surgical preparation or by the probes, which yielded data sets free of severe susceptibility artifacts for each renal layer for 15 animals. The invasively acquired physiological parameters were benchmarked against data and experience derived from our previous studies which included physiological measurements in large cohorts of animals [48][49][50][51].…”