Viscosity of copper slags from chalcocite concentrate smelting

Kowalczyk, Janusz; Mróz, Wiesław; Warczok, A.; Utigard, T. A.

doi:10.1007/bf02654007

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Different chemicals can be applied to succour the agglomeration and coagulation of droplets suspended in the liquid post-processing slag, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Generally, there are stimulators and reagents which are applicable in the studied copper removal from the slag.…”

Section: Copper Droplets Agglomeration Coagulation and Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper droplets agglomeration/coagulation in the conditions similar to industrial ones

Wołczyński¹,

Sypień²,

Tarasek³

et al. 2017

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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COPPER DROPLETS AGGLOMERATION / COAGULATION IN THE CONDITIONS SIMILAR TO INDUSTRIAL ONESThe studied copper droplets suspension in the liquid slag came from the direct-to-blister technology developed in the KGHM -Polska Miedź S.A. plants. A treatment by the stimulators and reagents was performed in the conditions delivered / ensured by the BOLMET S.A., Wiechlice. These conditions were similar to those usually applied to the industrial process. Particularly, this treatment was similar, to some extent, to that known for the electric arc-furnace technology employed in the Smelter and Refinery Plant, Głogów. An effectiveness of the newly developed and patented complex chemical / reagent for the copper removal from slag was tested during the treatment. The effect of the liquid slag stirring on the copper droplets self-cleaning was also analysed. The performed test confirmed the effectiveness of the studied complex reagent in agglomeration, coagulation and sedimentation of the copper droplets.

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Section: Copper Droplets Agglomeration Coagulation and Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper droplets agglomeration/coagulation in the conditions similar to industrial ones

Wołczyński¹,

Sypień²,

Tarasek³

et al. 2017

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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“…a technique relying entirely on calibration, [1] in which a torque vs viscosity relationship established a priori from standard melts is applied to translate the measured torque into viscosity; and 2. a simplified one-dimensional momentum transfer analysis wherein wall shear stress inferred from the measured torque is equated against the corresponding shear strain rate and thereby melt viscosity is determined. [7] According to the simplified theory of flows in rotating viscometers, [7,9] the viscosity of the liquid or melt is obtained by dividing the shear stress with the corresponding shear strain rate, both evaluated at the spindle surface (Figure 1), e.g., [1] In Eq. [1], and are the shear strain rate and the shear stress at the cylinder/spindle surface and are, respectively, given by [7,9] [2]…”

Section: Madan and D Mazumdarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naturally, therefore, significant efforts have been made by researchers to measure the viscosity of a diverse range of metallurgical melts. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] In practically all of these investigations, a rotating viscometer, either with a rotating crucible [8] or a rotating cylinder/spindle, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] has been applied. A typical measurement, for example, involves imparting a rotational motion to either the crucible or the spindle and recording the corresponding equilibrium torque experienced by the cylinder or the spindle, i.e., the entire submerged assembly, as in Figure 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

A computational assessment of viscosity measurement in rotating viscometers through detailed numerical simulation

Madan

Mazumdar

2004

Metall Mater Trans B

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The viscosity values of slags and metals constitute important kinetic data and, therefore, are of considerable importance to the modeling and controlling of various metallurgical processes. Naturally, therefore, significant efforts have been made by researchers to measure the viscosity of a diverse range of metallurgical melts. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] In practically all of these investigations, a rotating viscometer, either with a rotating crucible [8] or a rotating cylinder/spindle, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] has been applied. A typical measurement, for example, involves imparting a rotational motion to either the crucible or the spindle and recording the corresponding equilibrium torque experienced by the cylinder or the spindle, i.e., the entire submerged assembly, as in Figure 1. From the measuredtorque, melt viscosity is deduced following one of the two popular approaches:1. a technique relying entirely on calibration, [1] in which a torque vs viscosity relationship established a priori from standard melts is applied to translate the measured torque into viscosity; and 2. a simplified one-dimensional momentum transfer analysis wherein wall shear stress inferred from the measured torque is equated against the corresponding shear strain rate and thereby melt viscosity is determined. [7] According to the simplified theory of flows in rotating viscometers, [7,9] the viscosity of the liquid or melt is obtained by dividing the shear stress with the corresponding shear strain rate, both evaluated at the spindle surface (Figure 1), e.g.,In Eq.[1], and are the shear strain rate and the shear stress at the cylinder/spindle surface and are, respectively, given by [7,9] [2]and [3] t ϭ Q 2pR spindle 2

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“…The complexes of e.g. MgO and SiO 2 increase the viscosity [23,26] as well as surface tension [24], and are characterized by a high chemical affinity to Cu 2 O [23][24][25]. Meanwhile, other studies [26] have shown that there is no direct/clear correlation between viscosity and surface tension.…”

Section: Properties and Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of gases in the atmosphere [18] and interaction with the extracted metal phase [25], as well as temperature [24], are main factors affecting viscosity. The complexes of e.g.…”

Section: Properties and Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis Of Separation Mechanism Of The Metallic Phase Of Slag In The Direct-To-Blister Process

Wołczyński¹,

Bydałek²,

Schlafka³

et al. 2015

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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The article discusses the structure of the slag in the liquid state, the properties and interactions within the slag. The analysis of structures occurring in slag suspension were presented with regard to differences in chemical composition in micro-areas. Two different mechanisms for formation of precipitates in Cu-Fe-Pb alloys during extraction were showed.Keywords: decopperised, crystallisation, slag, structure.W artykule omówiono strukturę żużli w stanie ciekłym, oraz właściwości i oddziaływania wewnątrz żużli. Przedstawiono wyniki analiz występujących struktur w żużlu zawiesinowym, w odniesieniu do różnic w składzie chemicznym w mikroobszarach. Wskazano na dwa różne mechanizmy tworzenia wydzieleń stopu Cu-Fe-Pb podczas ekstrakcji. Analysis of the problems IntroductionIncreasing metallurgical yields and improving quality of the metals/alloys requires introducing numerous processes and techniques during designing of solidification, melting and casting. These are, reported in literature, reducing metals oxides present within slags [1][2][3], melt protecting with fluxes [4], melt modification before casting into foundry molds [5,6], riser protecting with insulating sleeves against surplus heat loses [7] as well as considering back-diffusion phenomena in solidifying metals and alloys [8]. The present paper deals with suspension slags of Cu production, their structure, composition, and mechanisms of extraction processes which proceed inside the slags.Suspension slag is formed during the extraction process of copper production in the melting flash. Then-formed suspension slag is directed to the electric furnace-arc where it is decopperisied. Decopperisation causes the reduction of oxides forms of primarily copper, lead and iron and then segregation of a Cu-Fe-Pb alloy. The moment of slag contacting the layer of coke reduction (phase 1), the majority of Cu 2 O is removed and the total copper content of the slag decreases to approx. 2,0%.Over the next 4-5 hours (phase 2) of the process, the content decreases to approx. 0.8%. Following the tapping process (phase 3), the content keeps decreasing and reaches a minimum of approx. 0.5%. The changes of concentration in the slag (particularly in phase 2 and 3) affect the structure and properties what have the decisive impact on the slag suspension decopperisation. The structure of slag in the liquid stateThe properties of the slag are determined by its structure. Slag structure can be described either by the molecular theory [1] or can be analyzed as electrolytes [2]. A. Bydałek and M. Brzózka [3] assumed that the slags in the liquid state were the boundary type of strong electrolyte solutions. In that case slag has ordered construction of the ion and tend to surround cations with oxygen ions. Small ions with high charge (Si 4+ , B 3+ ) strongly attract oxygen and produce a significant density of their immediate environment. Large ions with low charges (Ca 2+ , Na 1+ ) weakly attract oxygen. Tiemkina [9,14] however, pointed that, the creation of a multi-component systems ...

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Viscosity of copper slags from chalcocite concentrate smelting

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

Copper droplets agglomeration/coagulation in the conditions similar to industrial ones

Copper droplets agglomeration/coagulation in the conditions similar to industrial ones

A computational assessment of viscosity measurement in rotating viscometers through detailed numerical simulation

Analysis Of Separation Mechanism Of The Metallic Phase Of Slag In The Direct-To-Blister Process

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