Visible Quantitative Methods for the Estimation of Furosemide in Pure form and Pharmaceutical Formulations

Abstract

Aims: Design of technical methods for the determination of Furosemide in its pure and pharmaceutical dosage form using spectral methods.
 Study Design: planned and executed to estimate Furosemide by using Visible spectrophotometric in pure and pharmaceutical dosage form.
 Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Analytical Research, chemistry department, college of Science, University of Mosul ,Mosul-Iraq, during the period of April 2021 to August 2021.
 Methodology: Furosemide, the commercially known drug Lazix, which is important in the treatment of heart diseases and high blood pressure. This study was carried out using JASCO V – 630, double-beam computerized UV-Visible spectrophotometer, with 1 cm matched cell, and HANA pH meter was used for reported pH readings.
 Results: The reaction between Furosemide and bromo-phenol blue, xylenol orange, and chromazorol S. The decreasing in the intensity of the resulted colored complex was measured using bromo-phenol blue, xylenol orange, While the increasing of the color intensity was measured in the method (C). These three methods were based on charge transfer reaction. The limits of Beer's law for method (A) 0.4-32µg. mL-1, method (B) 1-32 and method (C) were 0.8-32 depending on the level of concentration, while the values ​​of the molar absorption coefficient 1.4×104, 2.1×104 and 1.57×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 for the first, second and third method respectively. Sandel's significance also was calculated for these three methods, 0.0157 μg.cm-2 for the first method, 0.0236 μg.cm-2 for the second method, while the third method was 0.0210 μg.cm-2. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of furosemide in its pure form and in some of its pharmaceutical preparations
 Conclusion: The proposed methods were validated in terms of linearity, range, Accuracy, precision, Specificity, Robustness. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the estimation of Furosemide in pharmaceutical dosage form, method (B) was experimentally considered as a best method depending on the best values of molar absorptivity, stability of the resulted complex, and the linearity of the method (B) .

Visible Spectrophotometric Determination of Furosemide in Dosage Forms Following its Hydrolysis and Diazo Coupling with Chromotropic Acid

“…More importantly, the very low-energy analytical wavelength of 503 nm improved the specificity of the new method as the large bathochromic shift precludes the problem of overlapping spectra and background absorptivities of other chemical species in the sample matrices. In addition, the new method does not require an extraction procedure or the strict control of pH with buffers as reported with similarly performing copper chloride, bromophenol and Chromazurol methods (Gölcü, 2006;Saleem et al, 2021).…”

“…Derivatizing agents that have been used in this regard include 3,5-dimethylphenol at 434 nm and resorcinol at 430 nm (Abdullah and Muhammed, 2021;Ali and Muhammed, 2018). Visible spectrophotometric methods based on the oxidation of furosemide with molybdenum (VI) ion or potassium per manganate (Issopoulos, 1989;Kalsang et al, 2009) as well as charge transfer complexation with bromophenol blue or xylenol orange (Saleem et al, 2021) have also been described. Unfortunately, the use of visible spectrophotometric methods in the analysis of furosemide is limited by a general lack of specificity in which overlapping spectra due to other absorbing chemical species are quite common (Ruiz-Angel et al, 2006) We have previously reported the use of chromotropic acid as an effective derivatizing agent via aromatic diazonium coupling (Adegbolagun et al, 2018;Adegoke et al, 2018).…”

Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Mixed ligand Complexes from 8-Hydroxyquinoline and new Ligand for β-Enaminone

“…It is one of the most prominent cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls, and its uses may be found in a variety of fields, including industrial, synthetic organic chemistry, and analytical chemistry [9] . Furosemide)Fur( chemical name is 4-chloro-2-[(2furanylmethyl)-amino]-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid [10], [11] .It is known by the generic names Fursemide, Lasix [12] . It is a loop diuretic with a high ceiling that is used to treat edema and hypertension associated with congestive heart failure, renal disease and cirrhosis of the liver [13], [14] .…”