Vision screening of young children.

Lippmann, Otto

doi:10.2105/ajph.61.8.1586

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In this study, 5.54% of the children were untestable. In Brazil, similar studies by Moreira (23) and Brik (13) reported indices of 2.00% and 14.49%, respectively, whereas Lippmann (35) reported an index of 15.8% among 347 children aged 3 to 4 years. These differences may be secondary to the methodology or to difficulties related to either the child or the person applying the VAT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

<![CDATA[<b>Prevalence of refractive errors and ocular disorders in preschool and school children of Ibipor� - PR, Brazil (1989 to 1996)</b>]]>

Schimiti¹,

Costa²,

Gregui³

et al. 2001

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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Prevalence of refractive errors and ocular disorders in preschool and schoolchildren of Ibiporã -PR, Brazil (1989to 1996 Purpose: To establish the prevalence of refractive errors and ocular disorders in preschool and schoolchildren of Ibiporã, Brazil. Methods: A survey of 6 to 12-year-old children from public and private elementary schools was carried out in Ibiporã between 1989 and 1996. Visual acuity measurements were performed by trained teachers using Snellen's chart. Children with visual acuity <0.7 in at least one eye were referred to a complete ophthalmologic examination. Results: 35,936 visual acuity measurements were performed in 13,471 children. 1.966 children (14.59%) were referred to an ophthalmologic examination. Amblyopia was diagnosed in 237 children (1.76%), whereas strabismus was observed in 114 cases (0.84%). Cataract (n=17) (0.12%), chorioretinitis (n=38) (0.28%) and eyelid ptosis (n=6) (0.04%) were also diagnosed. Among the 614 (4.55%) children who were found to have refractive errors, 284 (46.25%) had hyperopia (hyperopia or hyperopic astigmatism), 206 (33.55%) had myopia (myopia or myopic astigmatism) and 124 (20.19%) showed mixed astigmatism. Conclusions: The study determined the local prevalence of amblyopia, refractive errors and eye disorders among preschool and schoolchildren.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

<![CDATA[<b>Prevalence of refractive errors and ocular disorders in preschool and school children of Ibipor� - PR, Brazil (1989 to 1996)</b>]]>

Schimiti¹,

Costa²,

Gregui³

et al. 2001

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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“…Tests that require naming of letters are often too difficult for preschool children; however, letter matching tests have a high degree of testability and similar test‐retest variability, when compared to picture optotype tests, which require naming and/or matching. These tests all use a limited range of letters with a key card for matching and a reduced testing distance (usually three metres) to improve testability with younger children . Letter matching can be performed by children as young as three years (approximately one‐third of children co‐operating) and becomes almost universally testable by the age of four years …”

Section: Measurement Of Recognition Acuity In Preschool Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These tests all use a limited range of letters with a key card for matching and a reduced testing distance (usually three metres) to improve testability with younger children. 105,106 Letter matching can be performed by children as young as three years (approximately one-third of children co-operating) and becomes almost universally testable by the age of four years. 107,108 One of the most popular tests employed for the assessment of visual acuity in children 36 months of age and older in the United Kingdom (as well as New Zealand and some parts of Australia) is the Sheridan-Gardiner 109 This single optotype letter matching test has gained much popularity due to its ease of use, speed and simplicity and is often employed in both vision screening programs and in private practice for the measurement of visual acuity in young children.…”

Section: Letter Matching Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurement of visual acuity in children: an evidence‐based update

Anstice

Thompson

2014

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Over the past decade, a number of large clinical trials have provided important information relating to the reliability and repeatability of commonly used paediatric tests of vision and their role in the diagnosis and management of paediatric ocular diseases. The aim of this review is to summarise recent findings on the use of paediatric visual acuity tests in clinical practice and to discuss the validity and accuracy of visual acuity measurements in infants and young children. We provide a broad overview of the benefits and challenges of measuring visual acuity in children and then discuss age-appropriate tests for measuring visual acuity in infants through to school-age children. We also discuss normative values for visual acuity in each age group and, where possible, provide comparisons of results between tests with a particular focus on the importance of optotype design.

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“…Allen, 1957; Sheridan, 1960; Savitz et al. , 1965; Lippmann, 1969, 1971). In particular, both testability and scores of visual acuity were found to decrease with increase of the test distance in 3‐year‐olds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual acuity in 5–7‐year‐old children: individual variability and dependence on observation distance

Рожкова

Podugolnikova

Vasiljeva

2005

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Accurate measurements of uncorrected binocular and monocular visual acuity were performed in 65 children aged 5-7 years at five viewing distances in the range 0.5-5.0 m by means of the test charts containing widely spaced E stimuli in four orientations. It was found that, in most children of this age, visual acuity (V) changed with test distance, as had been reported previously with older subjects. Visual acuity could be considered as practically independent of observation distance (Vmax-Vmin

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Vision screening of young children.

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

<![CDATA[<b>Prevalence of refractive errors and ocular disorders in preschool and school children of Ibipor� - PR, Brazil (1989 to 1996)</b>]]>

<![CDATA[<b>Prevalence of refractive errors and ocular disorders in preschool and school children of Ibipor� - PR, Brazil (1989 to 1996)</b>]]>

The measurement of visual acuity in children: an evidence‐based update

Visual acuity in 5–7‐year‐old children: individual variability and dependence on observation distance

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