Visual Clutter Causes High-Magnitude Errors

Baldassi, Stefano; Megna, Nicola; Burr, David

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040056

Cited by 72 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A model can be conceived in which threshold is determined jointly by the strength of the internal response to the target (determined by target size or target contrast) and target-flanker separation (the deleterious effects of the flankers decrease with distance). [The nature of the target flanker "interference" may take several different forms (Baldassi, Megna, & Burr, 2006;Greenwood, Bex, & Dakin, 2009May & Hess, 2007;Nandy & Tjan, 2007;Parkes, Lund, Angelucci, Solomon, & Morgan, 2001).] For large stimuli, flankers must be brought close in order for performance to come off the ceiling.…”

Section: Can Double Scaling Characterize Eccentricitydependent Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Crowding is size and eccentricity dependent

Gurnsey¹,

Roddy²,

Chanab³

2011

Journal of Vision

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Crowding is a form of lateral interaction in which flanking items interfere with the detection or discrimination of a target stimulus. It is believed that crowding is a property of peripheral vision only and that no crowding occurs at fixation. If these two claims are true, then there must be a change in the nature of crowding interactions across the visual field. In three different tasks, we determined target size and flanker separation at threshold for eccentricities of 0 to 16° in the lower visual field for 7 relative separations (1.25 to 8 times target size). In all three tasks, the magnitude of crowding increases with eccentricity; there was no crowding at fixation and extreme crowding at 16°. Using a novel double-scaling procedure, we show that the non-foveal data in all three tasks can be characterized as shifted versions of the same psychometric function such that different sections of the function characterize data at each eccentricity. This pattern of results can be understood in terms of size-dependent responses to the target and distance-dependent interference from the flankers. The data suggest that the distance-dependent interference increases with eccentricity.

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Section: Can Double Scaling Characterize Eccentricitydependent Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Crowding is size and eccentricity dependent

Gurnsey¹,

Roddy²,

Chanab³

2011

Journal of Vision

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Tasks, which dissociate objective performance and subjectively perceived confidence, present an ideal tool to identify neurophysiological markers of confidence judgments (Maniscalco & Lau, 2012;Graziano & Sigman, 2009;Lau & Passingham, 2006). Different experimental situations may lead to distorted confidence judgments, for instance, when participants respond correctly with low confidence, as in blindsight or in implicit tasks (Merikle, Smilek, & Eastwood, 2001), and also in high confidence errorsfor instance, in detection tasks that lead to confounding of targets and distractors (Graziano & Sigman, 2009;Baldassi, Megna, & Burr, 2006). This is not just a reflection of noise in the confidence estimate but instead reflects a robust difference in the signals used for the commitment to a choice and for the construction of subjective confidence (Zylberberg, Barttfeld, & Sigman, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Perceived Confidence in a Partial Report Paradigm

Graziano

Parra

Sigman

2015

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Confidence judgments are often severely distorted: People may feel underconfident when responding correctly or, conversely, overconfident in erred responses. Our aim here was to identify the timing of brain processes that lead to variations in objective performance and subjective judgments of confidence. We capitalized on the Partial Report Paradigm [Sperling, G. The information available in brief visual presentations. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 74, 1, 1960], which allowed us to separate experimentally the moment of encoding of information from that of its retrieval [Zylberberg, A., Dehaene, S., Mindlin, G. B., & Sigman, M. Neurophysiological bases of exponential sensory decay and top-down memory retrieval: A model. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 3, 2009]. We observed that the level of subjective confidence is indexed by two very specific evoked potentials at latencies of about 400 and 600 msec during the retrieval stage and by a stationary measure of intensity of the alpha band during the encoding period. When factoring out the effect of confidence, objective performance shows a weak effect during the encoding and retrieval periods. These results have relevant implications for theories of decision-making and confidence, suggesting that confidence is not constructed online as evidence is accumulated toward a decision. Instead, confidence attributions are more consistent with a retrospective mechanism that monitors the entire decision process.

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“…(2) The center of AVM malformations-commonly referred to as the nidus-usually manifests itself as a cluttered mass of blood vessels (Figure 1), which can increase the time and error rate for performing perceptual judgment tasks (e.g., judging relative depth) and may lead to an increase in decision confidence on erroneous trials [Baldassi et al 2006]. …”

Section: Motivation: Preoperative Planning Of Arteriovenous Malformatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Enhancement of MR Angiography Images to Facilitate Planning of Arteriovenous Malformation Interventions

Abhari

Baxter

Khan

et al. 2015

ACM Trans. Appl. Percept.

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The primary purpose of medical image visualization is to improve patient outcomes by facilitating the inspection, analysis, and interpretation of patient data. This is only possible if the users' perceptual and cognitive limitations are taken into account during every step of design, implementation, and evaluation of interactive displays. Visualization of medical images, if executed effectively and efficiently, can empower physicians to explore patient data rapidly and accurately with minimal cognitive effort. This article describes a specific case study in biomedical visualization system design and evaluation, which is the visualization of MR angiography images for planning arteriovenous malformation (AVM) interventions. The success of an AVM intervention greatly depends on the surgeon gaining a full understanding of the anatomy of the malformation and its surrounding structures. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the usability of visualization modalities involving contour enhancement and stereopsis in the identification and localization of vascular structures using objective user studies. Our preliminary results indicate that contour enhancement, particularly when combined with stereopsis, results in improved performance enhancement of the perception of connectivity and relative depth between different structures. . 2015. Visual enhancement of MR angiography images to facilitate planning of arteriovenous malformation interventions. ACM Trans. Appl.

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Visual Clutter Causes High-Magnitude Errors

Cited by 72 publications

References 31 publications

Crowding is size and eccentricity dependent

Crowding is size and eccentricity dependent

Neural Correlates of Perceived Confidence in a Partial Report Paradigm

Visual Enhancement of MR Angiography Images to Facilitate Planning of Arteriovenous Malformation Interventions

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