Visual Learning in Multiple-Object Tracking

Makovski, Tal; Vázquez, Gustavo A.; Jiang, Yuhong

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002228

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Action video games place significant demands on the visual attention system, but also entail additional visual-motor demands1. As training in action video games and multiple object tracking have already been shown to effectively enhance spatial-temporal attention coordination181940, we speculate this attentional enhancement, at least in part, accounts for improved performance noted in our visual tasks. This is also consistent with coupling effects of attention and learning in visual processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Perceptual training yields rapid improvements in visually impaired youth

Nyquist

Lappin

Zhang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Visual function demands coordinated responses to information over a wide field of view, involving both central and peripheral vision. Visually impaired individuals often seem to underutilize peripheral vision, even in absence of obvious peripheral deficits. Motivated by perceptual training studies with typically sighted adults, we examined the effectiveness of perceptual training in improving peripheral perception of visually impaired youth. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of three training regimens: (1) an action video game, (2) a psychophysical task that combined attentional tracking with a spatially and temporally unpredictable motion discrimination task, and (3) a control video game. Training with both the action video game and modified attentional tracking yielded improvements in visual performance. Training effects were generally larger in the far periphery and appear to be stable 12 months after training. These results indicate that peripheral perception might be under-utilized by visually impaired youth and that this underutilization can be improved with only ~8 hours of perceptual training. Moreover, the similarity of improvements following attentional tracking and action video-game training suggest that well-documented effects of action video-game training might be due to the sustained deployment of attention to multiple dynamic targets while concurrently requiring rapid attending and perception of unpredictable events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Perceptual training yields rapid improvements in visually impaired youth

Nyquist

Lappin

Zhang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Although Makovski et al (2008) reported that the strongest learning effects form within the first few repetitions, their task was much more difficult (similar presentation time, but the object speed was 22.58/s compared to 58/s). Ogawa et al (2009) increased the difficulty by asking subjects to track more objects (5 of 10); they observed that the largest learning effect occurred between the first and second epoch .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous experiments (Makovski, Vázquez, & Jiang, 2008;Ogawa et al, 2009) showed that people improve in MOT if the assignment of targets and distractors is retained. Although Makovski et al (2008) reported that the strongest learning effects form within the first few repetitions, their task was much more difficult (similar presentation time, but the object speed was 22.58/s compared to 58/s).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye movements in repeated multiple object tracking

Lukavský

2013

Journal of Vision

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Contrary to other tasks (free viewing, recognition, visual search), participants often fail to recognize repetition of trials in multiple object tracking (MOT). This study examines the intra- and interindividual variability of eye movements in repeated MOT trials along with the adherence of eye movements to the previously described strategies. I collected eye movement data from 20 subjects during 64 MOT trials at slow speed (5°/s). Half of the trials were repeated four times, and the remaining trials were unique. I measured the variability of eye-movement patterns during repeated trials using normalized scanpath saliency extended to the temporal domain. People tended to make similar eye movements during repeated presentations (with no or vague feeling of repetition) and the interindividual similarity remained at the same level over time. Several strategies (centroid strategy and its variants) were compared with data and they accounted for 48.8% to 54.3% of eye-movement variability, which was less then variability explained by other peoples' eye movements (68.6%). The results show that the observed intra- and interindividual similarity of eye movements is only partly explained by the current models.

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“…This finding is consistent with other observations of attention training. For example, professional sports, action videogame playing, and laboratory training enhance performance on multiple-object tracking and other attention tasks (Anguera et al, 2013; Faubert, 2013; Green & Bavelier, 2003; Makovski, Vázquez, & Jiang, 2008; Thompson et al, 2013). In addition, training in an n-back task can substantially improve performance in that task (Jaeggi, Buschkuehl, Jonides, & Perrig, 2008; Jaeggi, Buschkuehl, Jonides, & Shah, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task specificity of attention training: the case of probability cuing

Jiang

Swallow

Won

et al. 2014

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Statistical regularities in our environment enhance perception and modulate the allocation of spatial attention. Surprisingly little is known about how learning-induced changes in spatial attention transfer across tasks. In this study, we investigated whether a spatial attentional bias learned in one task transfers to another. Most of the experiments began with a training phase in which a search target was more likely to be located in one quadrant of the screen than in the other quadrants. An attentional bias toward the high-probability quadrant developed during training (probability cuing). In a subsequent, testing phase, the target's location distribution became random. In addition, the training and testing phases were based on different tasks. Probability cuing did not transfer between visual search and a foraging-like task. However, it did transfer between various types of visual search tasks that differed in stimuli and difficulty. These data suggest that different visual search tasks share a common and transferrable learned attentional bias. However, this bias is not shared by high-level, decision-making tasks such as foraging.

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Visual Learning in Multiple-Object Tracking

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Perceptual training yields rapid improvements in visually impaired youth

Perceptual training yields rapid improvements in visually impaired youth

Eye movements in repeated multiple object tracking

Task specificity of attention training: the case of probability cuing

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