Visual-motion cueing in the control of altitude

Johnson, Walter W.; Schroeder, Jeffery A.

doi:10.1109/icsmc.1995.538187

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Required OTWS constituents for low-altitude flight have been investigated by many researchers. 4–15 These studies mainly concentrate on essential visual cues for low-altitude, high-speed flight. However, the helicopter flight task differs from other aircraft in terms of altitude and speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drift performance was improved with hilly terrain. In order to find the effect of visual level of detail (LOD) on altitude repositioning, Johnson et al 5 conducted an experiment by using AH-64 Apache helicopter simulation. They compared the LOD constancy (low, medium and high) and found that use of constant LOD improved the altitude estimation performance of pilots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of visual cues of three-dimensional virtual environments for helicopter simulators

Yilmaz

Çetin

2011

Journal of Defense Modeling & Simulation

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Visual cues are an essential part of helicopter flight simulators. The required cues for hover are particularly large, due to closeness to the ground and small movements. However, the research on low-altitude helicopter flight is limited. In this research, the density and height of the three-dimensional (3D) objects in the scene are analysed to find their effect on hovering and low-altitude helicopter flight. An experiment is conducted using a personal computer-based flight simulator on 10 professional military pilots. The results revealed that 3D object density and 3D object height affect both horizontal and vertical hovering performance. In hover and low-altitude flight, altitude control is positively affected by smaller object height. Paradoxically, the pilots preferred the scenes composed of tall and mixture objects. Pilot distance estimation was significantly affected by the knowledge of both object density and object height, but these factors do not individually improve distance estimation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of visual cues of three-dimensional virtual environments for helicopter simulators

Yilmaz

Çetin

2011

Journal of Defense Modeling & Simulation

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“…Benefits are found when scene detail is enhanced by increasing the texture in the scene (Jaeger, 1998), generating the scene with a greater number of polygons (Johnson & Schroeder, 1995), and increasing the resolution with which the scene is depicted (Mann, 1987), with mixed results for increasing the scene density by increasing the number of objects present (Lintern & Garrison, 1992;Lintern & Koonce, 1991Lintern, Sheppard, Parker, Yates, & Nolan, 1989;Lintern, Taylor, Koonce, Kaiser, & Morrison, 1997;Lintern, ThomleyYates, Nelson, & Roscoe, 1987). One can not examine the performance benefits of scene detail without noticing the abundance of research in the training domain which explores the required visual fidelity for the development of simulators used to teach a specific skill or mission.…”

Section: Performance Benefits For Increasing Scene Detailmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention and Trust Biases in the Design of Augmented Reality Displays

Yeh¹,

Wickens²

2000

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. ABSTRACTThis experiment seeks to examine the relationship between three advanced technology features (presentation of target cueing -and the reliability of that data, image reality, and interactivity) and the attention and trust provided to that information. In particular, we investigate the nature of two sorts of biases: an attention bias, in which the operator focuses attention to an area highlighted by the automation at the expense of other areas of the visual scene, and a trust bias, in which unwarranted attention is given to the guidance information.Sixteen military personnel searched for targets camouflaged in terrain, presented at two levels of scene detail (manipulated by varying the number of polygons with which the scene was generated and the level of the detail with which the scene was textured) while performing a terrain association task. Half the subjects actively navigated through the terrain; the other half passively viewed the control path of an active navigator. Cueing was presented for some of the targets, and the reliability of this information was manipulated at two levels (100% and 75%). More importantly, there were objects in the environment that were of high priority and uncued, and detection of these targets provided an assessment as to the degree of an operator's reliance on the cueing information. To assess trust in the terrain simulation, subjects were asked to perform terrain association given a hand-held paper map and report any inconsistencies between the visualization and the map.The results showed that the presence of cueing aided the target detection task for expected targets but drew attention away from the presence of unexpected targets in the environment. Cueing benefits and attentional tunneling were both reduced when cueing became less reliable. Unfortunately, despite knowing that the cue was only partially reliable, subjects still trusted the cue more than was warranted as evidenced by an increased false alarm rate, a drop in sensitivity, and a risky criterion shift. The degree of this change in sensitivity was so great that the loss of reliability in the cue eliminated the benefits of cueing.Finally, neither image reality nor interactivity directly influenced trust...

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Evaluation of a Motion Fidelity Criterion with Visual Scene Changes

Schroeder

Chung²,

Hess

2000

Journal of Aircraft

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An experiment examined how visual scene and platform motion variations affected a pilot's ability to perform altitude changes. Pilots controlled a helicopter model in the vertical axis and moved between two points 32-ft apart in a specified time. Four factors were varied: visual-scene spatial frequency, visual-scene background, motion-filter gain, and motion-filter natural frequency. Drawing alternating black and white stripes of varying widths between the two extreme altitude points varied visual-scene spatial frequency. The visual-scene background varied by either drawing the stripes to fill the entire field of view or by placing the stripes on a narrow pole with a natural sky and ground plane behind the pole. Both the motion-filter gain and natural frequency were varied in the motion platform command software. Five pilots evaluated all combinations of the visual and motion variations. The results showed that only the motion-filter natural frequency and visual-scene background affected pilot performance and their subjective ratings. No significant effects of spatial frequency or motion system gain were found for the values examined in this tracking task. A previous motion fidelity criterion was found to still be a reasonable predictor of motion fidelity.

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Visual-motion cueing in the control of altitude

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Evaluation of visual cues of three-dimensional virtual environments for helicopter simulators

Evaluation of visual cues of three-dimensional virtual environments for helicopter simulators

Attention and Trust Biases in the Design of Augmented Reality Displays

Evaluation of a Motion Fidelity Criterion with Visual Scene Changes

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