Visual Observation of Produced Water Re-Injection Under Laboratory Conditions

Al-Abduwani, Firas A.H.; Broek, W.M.G.T. van den; Currie, Peter K.

doi:10.2118/68977-ms

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…PWs are complex systems that are reactive and biologically enriched (e.g., schmoo, biomass, EOR additives, oil-coated solids, stable emulsions enhanced by microbiological and EOR surfactants, corrosion products from microbial activity). Even after advanced surface treatment, fl uid to be injected still contains solids and residual dilute oil-in-water emulsions that are diffi cult to remove and have a high potential for plugging (Zhang et al 1993;Al-Abduwani et al 2001). How this plugging affects well injectivity depends on other important parameters, such as well completion, injection scheme (matrix or fracture injection), and reservoir characteristics (soft or hard formation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During PWRI, the induced injectivity decline is found to be more severe than with water containing solids or oily water considered separately (Zhang et al 1993;Paige and Murray 1994;van den Broek et al 1999;Al-Abduwani et al 2001;Al-Riyamy and Sharma 2002;Detienne et al 2005). Therefore, increasing attention has been paid recently to injectivity-decline investigation during the injection of artificial PW, consisting of a mixture of oil droplets and solid particles (Van den Hoek et al 1996;van den Broek et al 1999;Al-Riyamy and Sharma 2002;Detienne et al 2005;Al-Abduwani et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Quality and Well Injectivity: Do Residual Oil-in-Water Emulsions Matter?

2010

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The present work is a part of a thorough and systematic laboratory study of oil-in-water emulsion flow in porous media that we have undertaken recently to investigate the mechanisms of oil-droplet retention and its consecutive effect on permeability. One of our main objectives was to see how the in-depth propagation of producedwater (PW) residual dilute emulsion could impair the permeability during PW reinjection (PWRI). During this casework, we used granular packs of sharp-edged silicon carbide grains and stable and dilute dodecane-in-water emulsions. The flow experiments were performed under well-controlled conditions, and we studied the effect of most of the relevant parameters, including flow rate, salinity, droplet size, and permeability of the porous medium.A careful monitoring of the salinity and the jamming ratio (JR) allowed us to consider and work separately on the two main mechanisms of droplet capture (i.e., surface capture and straining capture). In a previous paper (Buret et al. 2008), we reported on the effect of salinity and flow rate on emulsion flow through porous media where the pore-size/droplet-size ratio (JR) was very high, ensuring that only droplet capture on pore surface is operative. This paper reports on the effect of salinity and JR on both mechanisms, with the main focus being on the induced permeability impairment.We demonstrated that surface capture could induce significant in-depth permeability losses even at a high JR. The maximum reached permeability loss is very sensitive to salinity and flow rate (shear-thinning effect). This maximum is always lower than a limiting value dictated by the surface-coverage jamming limit of random sequential adsorption (RSA) theory. This limiting value increases while decreasing the JR, according to a simple formula extracted from Poiseuille's law with a mean hydrodynamic thickness of the deposited layer close to the droplet diameter (monolayer deposition). Regarding the straining capture, we determined a critical JR of 7 for this mechanism to occur. Preliminary results using only two JR values and one flow rate are presented. Compared to surface capture, the results show that straining capture induces more severe plugging with a lower rate of propagation. The lower the JR is, the more severe the plugging is and the lower the propagation rate is. However, more investigations are still required, notably using various JRs and flow rates to characterize this important mechanism better.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality and Well Injectivity: Do Residual Oil-in-Water Emulsions Matter?

2010

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Produced water re-injection in a non-fresh water aquifer with geochemical reaction, hydrodynamic molecular dispersion and adsorption kinetics controlling: model development and numerical simulation

et al. 2016

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An improved produced water reinjection (PWRI) model that incorporates filtration, geochemical reaction, molecular transport, and mass adsorption kinetics was developed to predict cake deposition and injectivity performance in hydrocarbon aquifers in Nigeria oil fields. Thus, the improved PWRI model considered contributions of geochemical reaction, adsorption kinetics, and hydrodynamic molecular dispersion mechanism to alter the injectivity and deposition of suspended solids on aquifer wall resulting in cake formation in pores during PWRI and transport of active constituents in hydrocarbon reservoirs. The injectivity decline and cake deposition for specific case studies of hydrocarbon aquifers in Nigeria oil fields were characterized with respect to its well geometry, lithology, and calibrations data and simulated in COMSOL multiphysics software environment. The PWRI model was validated by comparisons to assessments of previous field studies based on data and results supplied by operator and regulator. The results of simulation showed that PWRI performance was altered because of temporal variations and declinations of permeability, injectivity, and cake precipitation, which were observed to be dependent on active adsorption and geochemical reaction kinetics coupled with filtration scheme and molecular dispersion. From the observed results and findings, transition time t r to cake nucleation and growth were dependent on aquifer constituents, well capacity, filtration coefficients, particle-to-grain size ratio, water quality, and more importantly, particle-to-grain adsorption kinetics. Thus, the results showed that injectivity decline and permeability damage were direct contributions of geochemical reaction, hydrodynamic molecular diffusion, and adsorption kinetics to the internal filtration mechanism, which are largely dependent on the initial conditions of concentration of active constituents of produced water and aquifer capacity.

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Modeling fracturing pressure parameters in predicting injector performance and permeability damage in subsea well completion multi-reservoir system

Abhulimen¹,

Fashanu²,

Idialu³

2017

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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The significance of fracturing parameters which are aquifer integrity, rock properties, thermal stress, fracturing pressure and produced water quality to alter permeability damage, cake formation and injectivity performance was highlighted in a robust improved internal filtrationhydraulic model and permeability reduction model incorporating a R AT ðcÞ function. The studied system is an injection well multi-reservoir formations. Field data obtained from the log and field reports and improved model were used to simulate injector, fracturing and permeability damage performance. Thus, data requirements in the R AT ðcÞ function which are rock properties, water quality, aquifer integrity, fractures rates and pressures parameters were assessed for its impact on injector performance and permeability damage simulated in MATHLAB and COMSOL multi physics environment. The profile of injector performance and damage reservoir permeability to changes in rock properties and aquifer integrity were demonstrated to have a profound influence on both fracturing phenomena. Thus, sustainable re-injection scheme was shown as a direct consequence of rock mechanics parameters, well hydraulics aquifer integrity that largely depends on the initial concentration of active constituents of the produced water as well as physic-chemical properties of the host aquifer.

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Visual Observation of Produced Water Re-Injection Under Laboratory Conditions

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Water Quality and Well Injectivity: Do Residual Oil-in-Water Emulsions Matter?

Water Quality and Well Injectivity: Do Residual Oil-in-Water Emulsions Matter?

Produced water re-injection in a non-fresh water aquifer with geochemical reaction, hydrodynamic molecular dispersion and adsorption kinetics controlling: model development and numerical simulation

Modeling fracturing pressure parameters in predicting injector performance and permeability damage in subsea well completion multi-reservoir system

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