Visual processing as a potential endophenotype in youths with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A sibling study design using the counting Stroop functional MRI

Fan, Li-Ying; Shang, Chi-Yung; Tseng, Wen‐Yih Isaac; Gau, Susan Shur‐Fen; Chou, Tai‐Li

doi:10.1002/hbm.24214

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…CANTAB is a set of computerized tests to assess non-verbal neuropsychological functions with good psychometric properties across different ages (Fray, Robbins, & Sahakian, 1996;Gau, Chiu, Shang, Cheng, & Soong, 2009;Luciana & Nelson, 2002). The validity of CANTAB has been supported by numerous studies in different psychiatric populations including autism (Fray et al, 1996;Gau & Shang, 2010;Kim, An, Kwon, & Shin, 2014;Luciana, 2003) as well as imaging studies showing a brainbehavior relationship (Chiang, Chen, Shang, Tseng, & Gau, 2016;Fan, Shang, Tseng, Gau, & Chou, 2018;Ozonoff et al, 2004;Shang, Lin, & Gau, 2020). Therefore, CANTAB is a sensitive tool to examine neuropsychological functions as well as brain dysfunction, which was associated with cognitive deficits (Luciana, 2003).…”

Section: Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive functions in youths with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected siblings

et al. 2020

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Background Executive dysfunction is one of the main cognitive theories of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite evidence of deficits in executive functions in individuals with ASD, little is known about executive dysfunctions as candidate cognitive endophenotypes for ASD. In this study, we investigated executive functions in youths with ASD, their unaffected siblings and typically developing controls (TDC). Methods We recruited 240 youths with a clinical diagnosis of ASD (aged 6–18 years), 147 unaffected siblings of ASD youths, and 240 TDC youths. TDC youths were recruited based on the age and sex distribution of the ASD youths. Participants were assessed using the verbal Digit Span test and four executive function tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, including Intra-dimensional/Extra-dimensional Shift (I/ED), Spatial Span (SSP), Spatial Working Memory (SWM), and Stocking of Cambridge (SoC). Results ASD youths, relative to TDC, performed significantly worse in executive function tasks assessing verbal working memory (forward and backward digit span), set-shifting (I/ED), visuospatial working memory (SSP, SWM), and planning/problem solving (SoC). Furthermore, unaffected siblings, relative to TDC, performed worse in forward and backward digit recalls and made more errors in SWM. These results were independent of the effects of age, sex, IQ, and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Conclusions Our findings support impaired executive functions in youths with ASD. However, unaffected siblings were mostly unimpaired except in the areas of verbal and spatial working memory, which may be potential cognitive endophenotypes for ASD.

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Section: Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive functions in youths with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected siblings

et al. 2020

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“…Further, visuospatial processing ability is crucial to a wealth of other cognitive metrics, including visual working memory, mental rotation, and executive function. Importantly, deviations in visuospatial processing ability throughout development have been shown in children with cerebral palsy ( Critten et al, 2018 ), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( Fan et al, 2018 ; Gau and Huang, 2014 ), and psychosis ( Mollon et al, 2018 ). Nonetheless, our understanding of the neural correlates of healthy visuospatial processing throughout development is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and sex modulate visuospatial oscillatory dynamics in typically-developing children and adolescents

Killanin¹,

Wiesman²,

Heinrichs‐Graham³

et al. 2020

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Visuospatial processing is a cognitive function that is critical to navigating one’s surroundings and begins to develop during infancy. Extensive research has examined visuospatial processing in adults, but far less work has investigated how visuospatial processing and the underlying neurophysiology changes from childhood to early adolescence, which is a critical period of human development that is marked by the onset of puberty. In the current study, we examined behavioral performance and the oscillatory dynamics serving visuospatial processing using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in a cohort of 70 children and young adolescents aged 8–15 years. All participants performed a visuospatial processing task during MEG, and the resulting oscillatory responses were imaged using a beamformer and probed for developmental and sex-related differences. Our findings indicated that reaction time on the task was negatively correlated with age, and that the amplitude of theta oscillations in the medial occipital cortices increased with age. Significant sex-by-age interactions were also detected, with female participants exhibiting increased theta oscillatory activity in the right prefrontal cortex with increasing age, while male participants exhibited theta increases in the left parietal lobe/left precuneus and left supplementary motor area with increasing age. These data indicate that different nodes of the visuospatial processing network develop earlier in males compared to females (and vice versa) in this age range, which may have major implications for the developmental trajectory of behavioral performance and executive function more generally during the transition through puberty.

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“…The IFG has been reported to have decreased activation during the stop-signal task, a kind of response inhibition task, in probands with ADHD and unaffected siblings, compared to controls (van Rooij et al, 2015). Increased activation of the IFG showed increased activation during the counting Stroop task (the number of words was consistent or inconsistent with the meaning of the word in Chinese), which involved inhibition and inference control (Fan, Shang, Tseng, Gau, & Chou, 2018). Our finding adds to the literature that intrinsic functional connectivity between DMN and frontoparietal network during rest may be a familial risk marker of ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared intrinsic functional connectivity alterations as a familial risk marker for ADHD: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study with sibling design

et al. 2020

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Background Although aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity has been reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we have a limited understanding of whether connectivity alterations are related to the familial risk of ADHD. Methods Fifty-three probands with ADHD, their unaffected siblings (n = 53) and typically developing controls (n = 53) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. A seed-based approach with the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was used to derive a whole-brain functional connectivity map in each subject. The differences in functional connectivity among the three groups were tested with one-way ANOVA using randomized permutation. Comparisons between two groups were also performed to examine the increase or decrease in connectivity. The severity of ADHD symptoms was used to identify brain regions where symptom severity is correlated to the strength of intrinsic functional connectivity. Results When compared to controls, both probands and unaffected siblings showed increased functional connectivity in the left insula and left inferior frontal gyrus. The connectivity in these regions was linked to better performance in response inhibition in the control group but absent in other groups. Higher ADHD symptom severity was correlated with increased functional connectivity in bilateral fronto-parietal-temporal regions only noted in probands with ADHD. Conclusions Alterations in resting-state functional connectivities with the precuneus/PCC, hubs of default-mode network, account for the underlying familial risks of ADHD. Since the left insula and left inferior frontal gyri are key regions of the salience and frontoparietal network, respectively, future studies focusing on alterations of cross-network functional connectivity as the familial risk of ADHD are suggested.

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Visual processing as a potential endophenotype in youths with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A sibling study design using the counting Stroop functional MRI

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Executive functions in youths with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected siblings

Executive functions in youths with autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected siblings

Development and sex modulate visuospatial oscillatory dynamics in typically-developing children and adolescents

Shared intrinsic functional connectivity alterations as a familial risk marker for ADHD: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study with sibling design

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