Visual search and location probability learning from variable perspectives

Jiang, Yuhong; Swallow, Khena M.; Capistrano, Christian G.

doi:10.1167/13.6.13

Cited by 34 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Finally, whereas goaldriven attention can be coded independent of viewpoint, habitual attention is strongly viewer centered. These findings support the dual-system view of visuospatial attention (Jiang, Swallow, & Capistrano, 2013). This view links goaldriven and habitual attention to the multiple subsystems of memory account (Squire & Wixted, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Aging affects the balance between goal-guided and habitual spatial attention

2016

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Visual clutter imposes significant challenges to older adults in everyday tasks and often calls on selective processing of relevant information. Previous research has shown that both visual search habits and task goals influence older adults' allocation of spatial attention, but has not examined the relative impact of these two sources of attention when they compete. To examine how aging affects the balance between goal-driven and habitual attention, and to inform our understanding of different attentional subsystems, we tested young and older adults in an adapted visual search task involving a display laid flat on a desk. To induce habitual attention, unbeknownst to participants, the target was more often placed in one quadrant than in the others. All participants rapidly acquired habitual attention toward the highprobability quadrant. We then informed participants where the high-probability quadrant was and instructed them to search that screen location first-but pitted their habit-based, viewer-centered search against this instruction by requiring participants to change their physical position relative to the desk. Both groups prioritized search in the instructed location, but this effect was stronger in young adults than in older adults. In contrast, age did not influence viewer-centered search habits: the two groups showed similar attentional preference for the visual field where the target was most often found before. Aging disrupted goal-guided but not habitual attention. Product, work, and home design for people of all ages--but especially for older individuals--should take into account the strong viewer-centered nature of habitual attention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Aging affects the balance between goal-guided and habitual spatial attention

2016

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“…Ball et al (2011) included a head-centered manipulation, using two adjacent monitors and asking participants to move their head position from trial to trial to respond to stimuli on the two respective monitors. They found evidence only for head-centered (i.e., egocentric) priming, analogous to the probability cueing results by Jiang et al (Jiang & Swallow, 2013a, 2013bJiang, Swallow, & Capistrano, 2013, Jiang, Swallow, Rosenbaum, et al, 2013, Jiang, Swallow, & Sun, 2014, Jiang, Won, et al, 2014. However, it would be important to test whether the same results emerge with unpredictable target locations.…”

Section: If Priming Is Adaptive Why Isn't It Optimal?supporting

confidence: 59%

“…Jiang and Swallow (2013a) carried out a probability cueing study where they positioned a monitor such that its surface was parallel to the floor, and had participants move among multiple different vantage points from trial to trial to perform the task. Results showed probability cueing only when rich portions of the display were maintained in egocentric coordinates; when the rich portions were held in allocentric coordinates, no learning was observed (see also Jiang & Swallow, 2013b;Jiang, Swallow & Capistrano, 2013;Jiang, Swallow & Sun, 2014).…”

Section: If Priming Is Adaptive Why Isn't It Optimal?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jiang, Swallow, and Capistrano (2013) reasoned that learning often happens from a consistent viewpoint, in environments with constrained structures, such that an egocentric learning mechanism would be more useful. Moreover, these results may be dependent on the environmental scale, as probability cueing has been observed in allocentric coordinates when tested in larger, relatively unconstrained, real-world environments (Jiang, Won, Swallow, & Mussack, 2014;Smith, Hood & Gilchrist, 2008;2010).…”

Section: If Priming Is Adaptive Why Isn't It Optimal?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial priming in ecologically relevant reference frames

Tower-Richardi

Leber

Golomb

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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In recent years, researchers have observed many phenomena demonstrating how the visual system exploits spatial regularities in the environment in order to benefit behavior. In this paper, we question whether spatial priming can be considered one such phenomenon. Spatial priming is defined as a response time facilitation to a visual search target when its spatial position has been repeated in recent trials ( M a l j k o v i c & N a k a y a m a , 1 9 9 6 , P e rc e p t i o n & Psychophysics, 58, 977-991). Does this priming serve a behaviorally adaptive role or is it merely a byproduct of ongoing visual processing? Critically, an adaptive priming mechanism must actively transform visual inputs from native retinotopic (eye-centered) coordinates into ecologically relevant coordinates, e.g., spatiotopic (world-centered) and/or object-centered. In Experiment 1, we tested this hypothesis by having participants move their eyes between trials, which dissociated retinotopic and spatiotopic frames of reference. Results showed only weak retinotopic priming, but robust spatiotopic priming. The second experiment again had participants move their eyes between trials but also manipulated the placement of a grouped array of display objects from trial to trial. This allowed us to measure not just retinotopic and spatiotopic priming, but object-centered priming as well. Results from this experiment did not yield retinotopic priming but showed robust spatiotopic and object-centered priming. These findings demonstrate that spatial priming operates within ecologically relevant coordinate systems, and the findings support the notion that spatial priming serves an adaptive role in human behavior.

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“…In particular, it may be related to the mechanism that supports the form of persistent attention studied here. We have previously proposed that this form of attention, probability cueing, reflects learning the direction that attention should be shifted to find a target (Jiang, Swallow, & Capistrano, 2013). The close correspondence between spatial attention shifts and eye movements suggests that an eye-centered reference frame may be employed in persistent attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body and head tilt reveals multiple frames of reference for spatial attention

Jiang

Swallow

2013

Journal of Vision

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Most modern theories of spatial attention suggest that it is based on a maplike representation that prioritizes information in some spatial locations over others. However, movement through space changes the relationship between what is "out there" and a person's viewpoint. Does spatial attention move with the viewer, or does it stay in environmental locations? Several recent psychophysical and neuroscience studies have attempted to address this question by probing attention following saccadic eye movements. The alignment of the head and body to the external environment in these studies, however, makes it impossible to determine whether attention is based on the viewer's location in space or on the external environment. The current study therefore introduces a head and/or body tilt through the vertical plane to dissociate viewer-centered from environment-centered representations. Participants first acquired a long-lasting attentional bias to a region of the search display that was likely to contain a target. They then tilted their head or body, and the location of the spatial bias was evaluated. The results suggest that attention has both a viewer-centered component that rotates with the viewer's head and an environment-centered component that is tied to environmental locations.

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Visual search and location probability learning from variable perspectives

Cited by 34 publications

References 68 publications

Aging affects the balance between goal-guided and habitual spatial attention

Aging affects the balance between goal-guided and habitual spatial attention

Spatial priming in ecologically relevant reference frames

Body and head tilt reveals multiple frames of reference for spatial attention

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