Visual texture as a semiotic system

Caivano, José Luis

doi:10.1515/semi.1990.80.3-4.239

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…One of the most significant theoretical breakthroughs regarding cartographic representation was the identification and articulation of the visual variables available to the cartographer when constructing a map, defined as the fundamental dimensions across which a representation can be varied to convey information. This is especially influential for representations that are visual (Bertin, 1967(Bertin, /1983Morrison, 1974;Caivano, 1990;MacEachren, 1992), but also is an effective approach for conceptualizing and designing representations that are animated (DiBiase et al, 1992), haptic (Griffin, 2002), or sonic (Krygier, 1994). These taxonomic frameworks provide a systematic way of varying representations when empirically examining which representations work the best.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartographic Interaction Primitives: Framework and Synthesis

Roth¹

2012

The Cartographic Journal

103

104

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A cartographic interaction primitive is a basic unit of interactivity that is combined with other primitives in sequence when using interactive maps. The construction of a taxonomy of these basic interaction primitives is considered the 'grand challenge of interaction', as such taxonomies provide a consistent lexicon for describing map-based interaction strategies and interface designs, inform the design of scientific experiments to investigate the nature of cartographic interaction, and ultimately lead to design and use guidelines for interactive maps. The purpose of this research is not to offer a new framework of interaction primitives-as there are many in existence-but to organize and synthesize extant strategies for parsing interaction within Cartography and the related fields of Human-Computer Interaction, Information Visualisation, and Visual Analytics into a logical framework. Norman's stages of action model provides a useful foundation for conceptualizing interaction primitives, with organisation of extant taxonomies by the model resulting in three dominant approaches for parsing interaction: (1) an objective-based approach, compartmentalizing cartographic interaction according to the kinds of tasks the user may wish to complete with a cartographic interface; (2) an operator-based approach, compartmentalizing cartographic interaction according to the unique cartographic interfaces that make manipulation of a cartographic representation possible; and (3) an operand-based approach, compartmentalizing cartographic interaction according to characteristics of the digital/virtual object with which the user is interacting. Extant interaction primitive taxonomies representative of each of these three approaches are treated in turn, synthesizing key themes within each approach and identifying important concordances and discordances across the associated taxonomies.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartographic Interaction Primitives: Framework and Synthesis

Roth¹

2012

The Cartographic Journal

103

104

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“…Subsequently, many researchers have proposed new visual variables [23][24][25][26][27] (Supplementary Figure S2). Eye tracking is an objective, precise and quantitative way to investigate how users perceive certain information [28,29], and it has been widely used to conduct empirical studies of visual variables to aid researchers in understanding how tasks are completed and "why certain visual variables look good."…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Eye Tracking to Explore the Guidance and Constancy of Visual Variables in 3D Visualization

Liu

Dong

Meng

2017

IJGI

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An understanding of guidance, which means guiding attention, and constancy, meaning that an area can be perceived for what it is despite environmental changes, of the visual variables related to three-dimensional (3D) symbols is essential to ensure rapid and consistent human perception in 3D visualization. Previous studies have focused on the guidance and constancy of visual variables related to two-dimensional (2D) symbols, but these aspects are not well documented for 3D symbols. In this study, we used eye tracking to analyze the visual guidance from shapes, hues and sizes, and the visual constancy that is related to the shape, color saturation and size of 3D symbols in different locations. Thirty-six subjects (24 females and 12 males) participated in the study. The results indicate that hue and shape provide a high level of visual guidance, whereas guidance from size, a variable that predominantly guides attention in 2D visualization, is much more limited in 3D visualization. Additionally, constancy of shape and saturation are perceived with relatively high accuracy, whereas constancy of size is perceived with only low accuracy. These first empirical studies are intended to pave the way for a more comprehensive user understanding of 3D visualization design.

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“…6). Thus, a narrow frequency spectrum generates a low ratio of texture units whereas a broad spectrum produces a high ratio of texture units [35]. …”

Section: Frequency Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%