Visualisation Techniques for Using Spatial Augmented Reality in the Design Process of a Car

Abstract

If spatial augmented reality is used in the design process of a car, then one of the most important issues is that the virtual content is projected with a very high visual quality onto the real object, because based on this projection design decisions are made. Especially, the visualised colours on the real object should not be distinguishable from corresponding real reference colours. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for the augmentation of real objects which is able to match the requirements of a design process. We present a new rendering method with ray tracing which increases the visual quality of the projection images in comparison to existing methods. The desired values of these images have further to be adjusted according to the material, the ambient light and the local orientation of the projector. For this purpose, we develop a physically based computation which exactly determines the corresponding projection intensities for these values by using three-dimensional lookup tables at every projector pixel. Since not all of the desired values can be represented with an intensity of the projector, an adjustment has to be computed for these values. Therefore, we conduct a user study with design experts who work in the automotive industry and use the results to propose a new adjustment method for such values. Finally, we compare our methods to existing procedures and conclude which ones are suitable for the design process of a car.

BIM-Based Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR) for Architectural Design Collaboration: A Proof of Concept

“…The designed displays of SAR have been applied to various domains to explore how SAR systems can be applied to enhanced design mock-ups. In particular, there have been applications in the automotive industry, which uses virtual content to design and assess new components for cars [34]. For instance, virtual content may be projected on a mass car model to help during a collaborative design session.…”

Augmented reality an economical solution for engineers and designers

“…The values desired for these images need to be further adapted to the material, environmental light and local orientation of the projector. To achieve it, physically based calculation that precisely determines the correlating projection elevations for these values using threedimensional search tables on each projection pixel are developed [16]. This paper reviews Augmented Reality (AR) research and development of applications in design and production processes [17].…”

Recent Advances in Projection Mapping Algorithms, Hardware and Applications

“…When projecting onto dark or strongly saturated surface pigments, it is desirable to avoid visually disturbing compensation errors resulting from the limited color gamut of the projector. Several methods automatically adjust the target colors outside of the displayable gamut to mitigate such artifacts [MJK11,LAS*11]. Menk and Koch proposed to use physically based computation based on spectral measurements in combination with HDR imaging to generate more accurate projection based augmentations [MK10].…”

“…Aliaga et al applied an RC technique to virtually restoring the color of historically important objects in projection mapping [ALY08]. Menk et al applied a model‐based accurate RC technique to the assessment of the material appearance design of a car [MJK11,MK13,MK10]. The face expression of an animatronic avatar was manipulated by projection mapping where the texture of the face was altered by compensating the surface reflectance, inter‐reflection, and subsurface scattering [BBG*13].…”