Visualization of 3D Survey Data for Strata Titles

Abstract

Major cities and urban areas are beginning to develop and use 3D properties and public facilities. Consequently, 3D cadastral surveys are increasingly being employed for strata unit ownership registration as a part of land administration services. At present, most national land information systems do not support 2D and 3D cadastral visualizations. A field survey or validation survey is required to determine the geometry of 3D spatial units for property registration. However, the results of 3D surveys and mapping are not stored in the land information system. This work aims to integrate 2D and 3D geospatial data of property units collected from cadastral surveys with their corresponding legal data. It reviews the workflow for the use of 3D survey data for first-titling of 3D properties in Indonesia. A scenario of use and a prototype were developed based on existing practices and the possibility of extending Indonesia’s Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) to represent 3D units. Data submitted to the prototype as 3D geometries was survey data from 3D cadastral surveys or validation surveys utilizing terrestrial survey methods. The prototype used PostGIS and Cesium Ion to store 3D geometries of data from six 3D surveys. Registrars in local land offices could use the prototype to undertake strata unit registration that establishes a relationship among geospatial features and their survey documents and legal documents. Cesium JS was used as a 3D browser, customized as a web application, to manage and visualize 3D survey data to support strata title registration. The results demonstrate that the first titling of 3D cadaster objects could be conducted and properly visualized in Indonesia by extending the existing LADM with more support for 3D spatial representations and survey documents.

Strata Objects Based on Malaysian Ladm Country Profile via Web 3d Visualization

“…Furthermore, Cesium has the ability to merge 2D and 3D geospatial data into a single platform for display and analysis, making it an ideal option to be used as a 3D cadastre platform (Aditya et al,2020). Cesium also has developed a format called 3D tiles which is an open format as it allows streaming data efficiently and optimized for rendering.…”

“…Cadastre defines that the physical object (strata property) must be linked with the legal object (attributes). From the analysis carried out by Vandysheva et al, (2012); Pouliot and Wang, (2014) ;Hashim, (2019); Aditya et al, (2020) they stated the challenges to link both 3D objects and the legal properties. Biljecki & Sindram (2017) also stated that the thematic (attribute) aspect is not always given attention, as many of such datasets are lacking in completeness of attributes.…”

Design, Development and Applicability Evaluation of a Digital Cartographic Model for 3D Cadastre Mapping in China

“…Compared with using the DCM and DLM mixed model, some existing cadastre mapping applications employ dedicated 3D scene models to encode the graphic content of cartographically enriched 3D scenes, such as Extensible 3D (X3D) [20,26,27], COLLAborative Design Activity (COLLADA) [28], and Keyhole Markup Language (KML) [3,29]. In this context, these models can be evaluated as standalone cadastre DCMs, as they are dedicated to 3D cadastre portrayal.…”

“…Despite modeling the graphic content, the symbology process from the cadastre data to the 3D scene has not yet been explicitly modeled, thus can only be hand-crafted by using 3D content authoring tools such as Sketchup, Blender, and Revit. The 3D scene could be either re-drawn from scratch, as done by Vandysheva et al [26] or transformed and extended from the raw geometry data stored in Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) [28] files, CityGML [29] files, or Oracle database [20]. Explicitly modeling the symbology is the premise that the cartographic enriching process can be automated while maintaining rich customizable settings.…”

“…However, there is yet a widely accepted general-purpose 3D DCM that has been well validated and could be readily applied to 3D cadastre mapping. Currently, binding 3D mapping to specific content creation or visualization platform for portrayal description is a common solution in the 3D geo-visualization domain, for example, using the three.js framework in combination with the WebGL rendering technique [35], using Cesium [29], or using CityEngine's design and visualization applications [36]. Such a solution confines the exchange of portrayal information.…”