Public participation is required in neighborhood infrastructure planning and problem-solving. Although Participatory GIS methods are considered important to help urban community groups identify problems and express their needs and concerns, usable means to help groups produce their maps remain difficult to be realised. Further, an effective means to facilitate the integration of government spatial plans and participatory maps also remains unclear. This article addresses usability issues in participatory mapping activities by exploring group collaboration mechanics and accomplishing use assessments. The study aims at testing the usefulness and the impact of participatory mapping for community development. User studies including questionnaire surveys, interviews, group usability testing, scenario assessments, and the scaling-up activity were executed. Transparent photomaps, Mobile GIS, and a Web map were implemented and assessed in the study area. A use scenario for community and official spatial data integration was also developed. The results of user studies show that the use of transparent photomaps is more effective to complete group tasks to discuss, draw, and annotate their infrastructure problems. For group participants, the transparent maps are more engaging, easy to learn, and more error tolerant than the use of Mobile GIS. A combination use of simple and advanced PGIS methods is necessary to be implemented to reach informed priority-decision making.

Developers have long used game engines for visualizing virtual worlds for players to explore. However, using real-world data in a game engine is always a challenging task, since most game engines have very little support for geospatial data. This paper presents our findings from exploring the Unity3D game engine for visualizing large-scale topographic data from mixed sources of terrestrial laser scanner models and topographic map data. Level of detail (LOD) 3 3D models of two buildings of the Universitas Gadjah Mada campus were obtained using a terrestrial laser scanner converted into the FBX format. Mapbox for Unity was used to provide georeferencing support for the 3D model. Unity3D also used road and place name layers via Mapbox for Unity based on OpenStreetMap (OSM) data. LOD1 buildings were modeled from topographic map data using Mapbox, and 3D models from the terrestrial laser scanner replaced two of these buildings. Building information and attributes, as well as visual appearances, were added to 3D features. The Unity3D game engine provides a rich set of libraries and assets for user interactions, and custom C# scripts were used to provide a bird’s-eye-view mode of 3D zoom, pan, and orbital display. In addition to basic 3D navigation tools, a first-person view of the scene was utilized to enable users to gain a walk-through experience while virtually inspecting the objects on the ground. For a fly-through experience, a drone view was offered to help users inspect objects from the air. The result was a multiplatform 3D visualization capable of displaying 3D models in LOD3, as well as providing user interfaces for exploring the scene using “on the ground” and “from the air” types of first person view interactions. Using the Unity3D game engine to visualize mixed sources of topographic data creates many opportunities to optimize large-scale topographic data use.

This paper presents the results from a quality and usability analysis of participatory land registration (PaLaR) in Indonesia's rural areas, focusing on data quality, cost, and time. PaLaR was designed as a systematic community-centered land titling project collecting requisite spatial and legal data. PaLaR was piloted in two communities situated in Tanggamus and Grobogan districts in Indonesia. The research compared spatial data accuracy between two approaches, PaLaR and the normal systematic land registration approach (PTSL) with respect to point accuracy and polygon area. Supplementary observations and interviews were undertaken in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the spatial and legal data collection, as well as logical consistency of the data collected by the community committee, using a mobile application. Although the two pilots showed a lower spatial accuracy than the normal method (PTSL), PaLaR better suited local circumstances and still delivered complete spatial and legal data in a more effective means. The accuracy and efficiency of spatial data collection could be improved through the use of more accurate GNSS antennas and a seamless connection to the national land databases. The PaLaR method is dependent on, amongst other aspects, inclusive and flexible community awareness programs, as well as the committed participation of the community and local offices.Land 2020, 9, 79 2 of 27 challenging [1]. Under the current legal and institutional framework, Indonesian systematic land titling activities are procedurally demanding and rigid, requiring active participation from communities, villages, and government officers, owing to uncoordinated and sporadic registration activities in the past [2].Fit for purposes land administration (FFP LA) principles aim to accelerate land registration activities utilizing spatial, institutional, and legal framework and also call for incremental improvement [3]. FFP LA has been tested, if not implemented, worldwide [4,5]. Although there are comprehensive FFP LA implementing guidelines available [6], see also [7], finding the best-fit land registration and spatial data collection method suitable for the country context remains a significant task in itself: there are no one size fits all approaches. Further, managing the financial, political, legal, and administrative aspects regarding large-scale registration campaigns remains challenging, even when FFP LA approaches are used.Indonesia's current progress on land registration provides an example to examine how quality, cost, and speed can be leveraged to reach the Indonesian government's goal of registering all unregistered land parcels by 2025. The central government launched PTSL (Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematik Lengkap-a complete systematic land registration for all land parcels using fixed boundary approaches with terrestrial and photogrammetry surveys) as mandated by the President through President Instruction No. 2/2018. Before PTSL was launched in 2017, the capacity for land mapping and certification was around one...

In 2017, the Indonesian government implemented the systematic land registration (PTSL) process, projected to be finished by 2025. However, this process faces some challenges in the spatial and legal data collection process, resulting in the Indonesian cadastral system still being incomplete. For instance, during the three years of its implementation, out of about 135 million parcels, only 49.5% have been registered. Therefore, the level of completeness needs to be improved. This research aims to assess the compliance of the fixed boundary process’ legal elements, such as the parties that locate the boundary, agreement between the adjoining landowners, and boundary markers. This is a piece of qualitative research in which the data were obtained through interviews from questionnaire surveys to land administration policymakers. Subsequently, the research carried out regulation assessments to develop a country-context cadastre typology of the current cadastral mapping activities. Data were obtained from the results of the PTSL campaign in the Madiun regency. The result showed that the high percentage (i.e., 96.61%) of legal elements regarding the boundary agreement in a rural area could be used as a potential enabler towards achieving completion of the Indonesian cadastre.

Semarang is one of the largest cities in Java Island that is very prone to tidal flood. In order to reduce the tidal flood risk, disaster managers and city planners need a well-planned natural disaster risk management method based on disaster risk map of the city area. Risk mapping alone is not enough; an efficient system to disseminate the result of risk mapping for general public is also needed. This work intends to solve a problem of arrangement and presentation of tidal flood risk mapping. In order to develop the disaster risk map, the validation and prediction of the tidal flood were done to produce a hazard map on the tidal flood. Subsequently, the maps of vulnerability and capacity of the study area were produced based upon VCA (Vulnerability Capacity Analysis) by using fuzzy logic and weighted method approaches. As a comparison to that, the calculation of tidal flood risk was also done by adopted to the Indonesian regulation of The Natural Disaster Risk Management Head PERKA BNPB No. 2 year 2012. Finally, the risk map online was designed and developed. This system has the function of information dissemination and spatial data download of the risk map result. The online map uses KML format for sharing spatial data attributes and uses Google Maps as the map engine. The online map also gets good responses through a usability test, where it can be concluded the onlin e map is effective, efficient, and satisfactory to users.