In 2017, the Indonesian government implemented the systematic land registration (PTSL) process, projected to be finished by 2025. However, this process faces some challenges in the spatial and legal data collection process, resulting in the Indonesian cadastral system still being incomplete. For instance, during the three years of its implementation, out of about 135 million parcels, only 49.5% have been registered. Therefore, the level of completeness needs to be improved. This research aims to assess the compliance of the fixed boundary process’ legal elements, such as the parties that locate the boundary, agreement between the adjoining landowners, and boundary markers. This is a piece of qualitative research in which the data were obtained through interviews from questionnaire surveys to land administration policymakers. Subsequently, the research carried out regulation assessments to develop a country-context cadastre typology of the current cadastral mapping activities. Data were obtained from the results of the PTSL campaign in the Madiun regency. The result showed that the high percentage (i.e., 96.61%) of legal elements regarding the boundary agreement in a rural area could be used as a potential enabler towards achieving completion of the Indonesian cadastre.

Improving the quality of spatial cadastre remains a challenge in Indonesia. The lack of data quality impacts the legal uncertainty of land rights and the inequality of control, ownership, use, and utilization of land. This study discusses the efforts that can be made to achieve an accurate, assured, and authoritative spatial cadastre by referring to cadastral regulations in Indonesia, especially in urban areas. This research focuses on three spatial elements: boundary determination survey, measurement methods, and base map accuracy in order to assess systematic and sporadic registration activities previously conducted in two sub-districts in North Jakarta. The areas are located in a compacted urban area that consists of 19,173 land parcels as a research sample. A multivariate clustering tool is used to analyze the grouping of land parcels into a cadastral typology (comply/not comply). This study indicates that the level of compliance of the land parcel maps against three spatial elements are the following: (1) the compliance to boundary determination survey by 100%; (2) the compliance to measurement method by 17.36%; and (3) the compliance to base map accuracy by 0%. This paper explains how the cadastre typology can be used as an indicator of compliance as well as a baseline to improve the quality of spatial data.

Abstrak-Delineasi bidang tanah dilakukan dengan cara mengidentifikasi bidang-bidang tanah dengan menggunakan peta foto dan menarik garis ukur untuk batas bidang tanah yang jelas dan memenuhi syarat. Dalam penarikan batas, ada 2 metode yang dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan, yaitu delineasi metode general boundary (penarikan batas dari kenampakan yang terlihat) dan delineasi metode fixed boundary (penarikan batas dari hasil pengukuran di lapangan). Delineasi dengan metode general boundary dapat dijadikan sebagai alat dalam percepatan pembangunan basis data bidang tanah yang lengkap, cepat dan lebih murah. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan dari beberapa delineasi metode general boundary, hasil ketelitian yang paling mendekati toleransi adalah delineasi metode general boundary pada skala perbesaran 1:1000 dengan penarikan batas sisi tengah dari kenapampakan yang terlihat (hasil dilihat dari jumlah sampel yang paling banyak diterima berdasarkan standarisasi yang telah ditetapkan). Analisis juga dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji hipotesis selisih nilai rata-rata berpasangan (uji paired t-test) untuk luas bidang sawah didapatkan hasil 0,186 (thitung<1,833) dan luas bidang pemukiman-1,742 (thitung<-1,833). Sedangkan untuk pergeseran posisi atau uji t jarak didapatkan hasil koordinat x = 5,374 (thitung>1,699) dan koordinat y = 5,469 (thitung>1,699) ; serta koordinat x = 8,504 (thitung>1,699) dan koordinat y = 9,015 (thitung>1,699) untuk bidang pemukiman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode general boundary yang dilakukan pada citra resolusi tinggi Quickbird tahun 2007 secara keseluruhan memenuhi toleransi apabila akan digunakan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan geometrik bentuk dan luas. Akan tetapi apabila untuk memenuhi kebutuhan geometrik posisi, cara ini tidak bisa diterima.