Visualization of liquid-solid interface morphologies in gallium subject to natural convection

Directional Solidification and Melting of Eutectic GaIn

“…Convective flow leads to specific morphologies of a solidifying interface (SZEKELEY & CHHABRA 1970). GAU & VISKANTA (1986) and CAMPBELL & KOSTER (1994) did extensive studies of natural convection in solidifying gallium and presented data and visualizations on the solidification front morphology. Here, we consider natural convection in a rectangular cavity with a binary GaIn metallic melt.…”

A novel resistance measurement technique in the field of directional solidification

“…Image magnifications of up to 800 were achieved by the development of new technologies ͑Curreri and Kaukler͒, 5 but the adaptation of standard nondestructive testing facilities may be sufficient in some cases ͑Campbell and Koster͒. 6 However, the limitations of x-ray optics are such that the technique is not as accurate as natural light methods, but its applicability to a wide range of opaque materials is a valuable asset, and many interesting results were thus obtained.…”

“…In liquid gallium, a change of density upon melting of only 3% was found to be sufficient to obtain accurate information regarding interface shape ͑Campbell and Koster͒. 6 New insights on the formation of monotectic droplets in Al-In alloys are proposed by Curreri and Kaukler, 5 along with a thorough discussion of the potential of x-ray methods. Supercooling in nonstoichiometric InSb melts was also characterized, as well as the effect of convective heat transport on interface shape.…”

Velocity Measurement Techniques for Liquid Metal Flows

“…Another approach is the visualization of the density field as proposed by Koster et al [61][62][63][64]. X-ray absorption within material depends on the mass attenuation coefficient, fluid density, and the material thickness in the direction of the penetrating radiation.…”