Visualization of oxidative injury in the mouse kidney using selective superoxide anion fluorescent probes

Abstract

Drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), caused by renal drug metabolism, has been regarded as a main problem in clinical pharmacology and practice.

A Renal‐Clearable Duplex Optical Reporter for Real‐Time Imaging of Contrast‐Induced Acute Kidney Injury

“…[23] However,activatable duplex reporters have been rarely exploited, not to mention those used in detection and imaging of CIAKI. [24] Herein, we report the synthesis of ahighly renal-clearable activatable duplex reporter (ADR) for real-time noninvasive chemiluminescence and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of CIAKI in murine model. Because oxidative stress has been well recognized as an early hallmark of CIAKI, [25,26] superoxide anion (O 2 C À ), the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS), was chosen as one of the biomarkers.I na ddition, as upregulation of ROSi sk nown to trigger the pathways towards lysosomal damage and induce the release of the lysosomal enzyme (NAG : N-acetyl-b-d-glucosaminidase) from kidney proximal tubular cells, [27,28] NAGw as chosen as the other biomarker.…”

ESIPT-based fluorescence probe for the ratiometric detection of superoxide

“…12 Most fluorescent probes that are reported for the detection of O 2 À utilise its nucleophilicity to achieve excellent selectivity over other ROS. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] As a result of this, we believed the functionalisation of HMBT with the O 2 À reactive trifluoromethanesulfonate unit would result in a ratiometric fluorescent probe for the detection of O 2 À (Scheme 1). 21 HMBT-LW was synthesized over two steps.…”

In situ imaging of aminopeptidase N activity in hepatocellular carcinoma: a migration model for tumour using an activatable two-photon NIR fluorescent probe

“…[24][25][26] In addition, two-photon uorescence microscopy (under an excitation of 700-1000 nm) provides a satisfactory cell and tissue imaging solution that can be attributed to the advantages of two-photon technology, including long wavelength excitation, minimal photo-damage, and deep tissue penetration. [27][28][29][30][31][32] To date, only one NIR uorescence probe has been reported from among the few uorescence probes employed for the detection of APN. 4,33,34 Unfortunately, severe cross-talk between the excitation and emission spectra 4 weakens its capability of gathering a valid signal.…”