Visuospatial Memory in Healthy Elderly, AD and MCI: A Review

Iachini, Tina; Iavarone, Alessandro; Senese, Vincenzo Paolo; Ruotolo, Francesco; Ruggiero, G.

doi:10.2174/1874612810902010043

Cited by 44 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…As no effect was found on the Benton Test of visual memory, this suggests that frontal executive and psychomotor skills are likely to be affected by lipid status. These effects are consistent with observations that frontal areas may be particularly vulnerable to early cognitive impairment (Howieson et al, 2008;Iachini et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In men, the risk of decline in executive dysfunction was associated with a hypercholesterolemic pattern. This specific effect on frontal executive functions could be related to microalterations in white matter lesions and other subcortical vascular changes and could be amongst the earliest signs of vascular mild cognitive impairment which are more likely to evolve towards either vascular or mixed vascular and Alzheimer's dementia (Howieson et al, 2008;Iachini et al, 2009;Shim et al, 2008). This is partly compatible with our recent finding that in men specifically, low HDL-C levels was a risk factor for all-cause dementia including vascular dementia but not Alzheimer's disease .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Gender-specific associations between lipids and cognitive decline in the elderly

Ancelin

Ripoche

Dupuy

et al. 2014

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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The aim of this study was to examine the associations between serum lipid levels and cognitive function in a community-based sample of non-demented subjects aged 65 years and over.Participants were 2737 men and 4118 women from a population-based cohort recruited from three French cities. Visual memory, verbal fluency, psychomotor speed, and executive abilities were evaluated at baseline, and after 2, 4, and 7 years of follow-up. Lipid levels were evaluated at baseline. Multiadjusted Cox models stratified by gender were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, mental and physical health, and genetic vulnerability to dyslipidemia (apolipoprotein E and A, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein) and taking into account baseline vascular pathologies. In men, a hypercholesterolemic pattern in late-life (high total cholesterol (T-C), low HDL-C, high LDL-C levels) was associated with a 25 to 50% increased risk of decline over 7 years in psychomotor speed, executive abilities, and verbal fluency. Specific associations with low T-C and low LDL-C levels were also observed which may depend on genetic vulnerability to dyslipidemia (related to apolipoprotein A5 and cholesteryl exchange transfer protein). In contrast, in women, a 30% higher rate of decline was found in psychomotor speed with high HDL-C levels and in executive abilities with low levels of LDL-C and triglycerides, in interaction with hormonal treatment. For men and women, vascular pathologies only slightly outweighed the risk related to lipids. This suggests a complex gender-specific pattern of cognitive decline involving genetic vulnerability in men and hormonal status in women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Gender-specific associations between lipids and cognitive decline in the elderly

Ancelin

Ripoche

Dupuy

et al. 2014

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…[8][9][10][11] Several studies have demonstrated a close relationship between substructural deformations in the hippocampus and dysfunction of specific cognitive domains in aMCI. 9,[12][13][14] However, there is insufficient data regarding structural alterations of the thalamus in patients with aMCI.…”

confidence: 99%

P3‐280: Thalamic Shape and Cognitive Performance in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Hahn

2016

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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ObjectiveaaThis study aimed to investigate thalamic shape alterations and their relationships with various episodic memory impairments in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). MethodsaaWe compared volumes and morphological alterations of the thalamus between aMCI subjects and healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the correlation between thalamic deformations and various memory impairments in aMCI subjects using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery.ResultsaaThe normalized left thalamic volumes of the aMCI group were significantly smaller than those of the healthy control group (p<0.0001). aMCI subjects exhibited significant thalamic deformations in the left thalamic dorso-medial and antero-medial areas compared with healthy individuals. CERAD-K Word List Memory scores were significantly correlated with the left dorso-medial areas in aMCI subjects. There were no significant correlations between verbal fluency, Boston naming test, constructional praxis, Word List Recognition, and Visuospatial Recall scores and thalamic shape in aMCI subjects. Verbal delayed recall scores were also significantly correlated with the left dorso-medial areas in the aMCI group. ConclusionaaStructural alterations in the thalamic deformations in the left dorso-medial and antero-medial areas might be core underlying neurobiological mechanisms of thalamic dysfunction related to Word List Memory and delayed verbal recall in individuals with aMCI.Psychiatry Investig 2016;13(5):504-510

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“…AD patients have long been known to have disturbances in visual attention. Extensive reviews on this topic have been recently published (Vecera & Rizzo, 2004;Iachini, Iavarone, Senese Ruotolo & Ruggiero, 2009;Tales & Porter, 2009), so this section will not provide an exhaustive review. Instead, we will examine whether AD-related problems in visual attention could be re-interpreted as problems with VSTM, as first proposed by Vecera and www.intechopen.com Rizzo (2004), prior to much of the research conducted on VSTM in AD patients.…”

Section: Visual Attention and Memory In Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%