Vitamin A and preterm infants: what we know, what we don't know, and what we need to know

Mactier, Helen

doi:10.1136/adc.2004.057547

Cited by 133 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…This is commonly observed in preterm neonates, probably because of the fact that their adipose tissue stores are limited, and so are (Orzalesi, 1987;Debier, 2007;Gitto et al, 2009) the a-tocopherol concentrations (a-tocopherol normally accumulates during the third trimester of pregnancy) (Mactier and Weaver, 2005). Both vitamins are regarded as important biological antioxidants and their supplementation in preterm neonates was documented many years ago (Orzalesi, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A double-blind, randomized clinical trial of the effect of ω-3 fatty acids on the oxidative stress of preterm neonates fed through parenteral nutrition

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to research and draw conclusions about the effect of a parenteral nutrition (PN) fat emulsion, rich in o-3 fatty acids, on the antioxidant markers of preterm infants, when compared with a standard fat emulsion. This was a double-blind, parallel-group study conducted in Athens, Greece, using an equal randomization method. Subjects/Methods: Thirty-eight infants were selected using a double-blind method and a computer-generated randomization list. Both groups received PN, based on the same protocols. Group A received SMOFlipid fat emulsion, while group B received the standard fat emulsion (Intralipid). Serum levels of vitamin A, E and total antioxidant potential (TAP) were measured on days 0, 7 and 14 of PN support. Clinical and biochemical data were collected on days 0, 14 and on the day of discharge. Results: Serum levels of vitamin E and A were significantly increased in group A, while only vitamin A serum level was increased in group B on the fourteenth day (group A: vitamin E: P-value ¼ 0.002, vitamin A: P-value ¼ 0.000, group B: vitamin E: P-value ¼ 0.065, vitamin A: P-value ¼ 0.000). TAP was increased only in the intervention group (group A: P-value ¼ 0.000, group B: P-value ¼ 0.287). Mild anemia was developed in both groups, while no differences were detected in the infection rate, days of hospitalization, days of ventilator support and days of phototherapy. Conclusions: Oxidative stress was significantly reduced in those neonates fed with o-3 fatty acids, whereas no effect was observed in the neonates fed with standard lipids. Intervention had no effect on infants' growth and clinical outcome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A double-blind, randomized clinical trial of the effect of ω-3 fatty acids on the oxidative stress of preterm neonates fed through parenteral nutrition

et al. 2010

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“…Mixing retinyl palmitate with lipid increases this effectiveness to 90% [25]. The American Society for Clinical Nutrition recommended 910 IU/kg per day (280 microgram/kg/day) in a water soluble mixture (1 microgram of equivalent retinol=3.3 IU) as the minimum dose suitable for preterm infants [25,32], or 230-500 per day with the lipid emulsion as recommended by ESPGHAN [33]. However, there is no clear evidence that these doses of supplemented vitamin A improve plasma levels or body stores of vitamin A when administered to VLBW infants.…”

Section: Intravenous Administration Of Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium and Vitamin A and E in the Nutrition of Very Low-Birth Weight Preterm Infants

Trindade¹,

Rugolo²

2013

J Neonatal Biol

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“…[2][3][4] In premature infants, vitamin A has an important function in lung and visual development. 1 A systematic review of vitamin A supplementation in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants showed a significant reduction in death or oxygen requirement at 1 month of age and 36 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) and a trend toward reduction in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). 2 Vitamin E is one of the antioxidative agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin A has a role in protein synthesis, cell growth and differentiation. 1 Vitamin A supplementation has been reported to reduce infant mortality and morbidities. [2][3][4] In premature infants, vitamin A has an important function in lung and visual development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A and E status in very low birth weight infants

et al. 2011

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Objective: To determine vitamin A and vitamin E status in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants at the time of birth (TB), at the time of full feeding (TFF) and at term postmenstrual age (TT).Study Design: An observational study was conducted in VLBW infants. Plasma retinol and a-tocopherol levels were measured at TB, TFF and TT. Multivitamin supplementation was given to all infants to meet the daily requirement.Result: A total of 35 infants were enrolled. The median (interquartile range) of gestational age and birth weight was 30 (28 to 32) weeks and 1157 g (982 to 1406 g). The median of vitamin A and vitamin E intakes from TFF to TT was 832 and 5.5 IU kg -1 day -1 , respectively. Vitamin A deficiency occurred in 67.7% at birth, 51.6% at TFF and 82.1% at TT. Vitamin E deficiency occurred in 77.4% at birth, 16.1% at TFF and 35.7% at TT. Small-for-gestational age was the only risk factor for vitamin A deficiency. Lower amount of breast milk consumption was associated with higher incidence of vitamin E deficiency. No differences in vitamin A-or vitamin E-related morbidities between infants with and without vitamin deficiencies were found.Conclusion: High prevalence of vitamin A and vitamin E deficiency was found in VLBW infants starting from birth to term postmenstrual age. Therefore, a higher dose of vitamin supplementation is required.

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Vitamin A and preterm infants: what we know, what we don't know, and what we need to know

Cited by 133 publications

References 79 publications

A double-blind, randomized clinical trial of the effect of ω-3 fatty acids on the oxidative stress of preterm neonates fed through parenteral nutrition

A double-blind, randomized clinical trial of the effect of ω-3 fatty acids on the oxidative stress of preterm neonates fed through parenteral nutrition

Selenium and Vitamin A and E in the Nutrition of Very Low-Birth Weight Preterm Infants

Vitamin A and E status in very low birth weight infants

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