Vitamin A in Children Hospitalized for Measles in a High-income Country

Vecchio, Andrea Lo; Cambriglia, Maria Donata; Bruzzese, Dario; Guarino, Alfredo

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000003156

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…In 2021, another study in high-income countries found that 2 doses of oil-based vitamin A provided to children hospitalized with measles did not reduce the risk of measles-related morbidities. (82)…”

Section: Findings On the Association Between Measles And Malnutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review on the associations and potential pathways between malnutrition and measles

Tran¹,

Gregory²,

O’Connor³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Amid a measles resurgence worldwide, many affected regions also find themselves in circumstances of conflict, humanitarian or political crises, climate extremes, ongoing pandemic challenges, income inequality and economic downturns. Those contextual factors have driven increases in worldwide undernourishment over the past year. The overlap and frequent occurrence of those socio-structural determinants in fragile geographies is worrying as a synergistic relationship between measles and malnutrition has been reported. A scoping review was conducted to map current evidence and identify research gaps on the association between malnutrition and measles. Sixty-seven studies were retained following a search of multiple databases, snowballing and consultations with experts. Studies reported on a measure of association, a relationship, or potential mechanisms behind the link between malnutrition and measles. Overall, there was evidence of a positive correlation between undernutrition and reported measles incidence and mortality. All studies reviewed found an association between vitamin A deficiency and increased likelihood of incident measles, measles-related complications and measles-related deaths. Available evidence also suggested that therapeutic vitamin A can significantly reduce the odds of measles-related mortality, and preventative vitamin A can reduce reported measles incidence. Little data shed light on potential pathways behind malnutrition and measles. Inconsistent variable definitions (i.e. malnutrition and measles cases) across studies precluded calculating a cumulative effect size, and findings may be impacted by uncontrolled confounding factors. This scoping review reinforces the hypothesis of a synergistic relationship between measles and malnutrition and highlights the need for an integrated approach to the delivery of malnutrition interventions and measles prevention and control. In addition, further robust studies are needed to better define pathophysiological targets for interventions and allow for stronger inferences to policy making. Future research should also consider using a standardized approach to defining malnutrition and measles to ensure comparability of outcomes across studies.

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Section: Findings On the Association Between Measles And Malnutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review on the associations and potential pathways between malnutrition and measles

Tran¹,

Gregory²,

O’Connor³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Poor Uptake of MMR Vaccine 1-year Post-Measles Outbreak: New York City and Israel

Paret

Trillo

Lighter

et al. 2022

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

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Background In 2018-2019, large outbreaks of measles occurred in Israel and in New York City, driven in part by travel of unimmunized children between the 2 communities. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted for children tested for measles (March 2018-September 2019) at NYU Langone Health in New York, NY, and in Ramla subdistrict, Israel. Vaccination records were reviewed to determine vaccination status for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) at the time of measles testing and 1-year post-testing. Results A total of 264 children were tested for measles, and 102 (38.6%) had confirmed measles. Only 20 (19.6%) of measles-positive cases received a full 2-dose course of vitamin A. 82.4% of children with measles were ≥1 year at the time of diagnosis and fully eligible for MMR vaccine. Of the 100 measles-positive cases with available vaccine records, 63 were unvaccinated at testing, and 27 remained unimmunized against MMR 1 year later. At testing, measles-negative children were significantly more likely to have received MMR than measles-positive children (65.4% vs 37%, P < .01). One year later, 70.4% of measles-negative cases and only 57.1% of measles-positive cases had received MMR vaccine (P = .18). Conclusions The majority of measles cases occurred in unimmunized children eligible for vaccination, and >25% of children in both measles-positive and -negative groups remained unimmunized for MMR 1-year post-outbreak. Our results suggest the need for novel, longitudinal vaccination strategies and increased awareness of the role of vitamin A.

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Vitamin A in Children Hospitalized for Measles in a High-income Country

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

A scoping review on the associations and potential pathways between malnutrition and measles

A scoping review on the associations and potential pathways between malnutrition and measles

Poor Uptake of MMR Vaccine 1-year Post-Measles Outbreak: New York City and Israel

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