Vitamin a status of low and normal birth weight infants at birth and in early infancy

Agarwal, Ramesh; Virmani, Deenanath; Jaipal, Munnalal; Gupta, Sudheer; Toteja, Gurudayal Singh

doi:10.1007/s13312-013-0257-z

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In our study of primarily term and normal birthweight infants, we noted a marked improvement in vitamin A status with an increasing infant age. This is consistent with other studies including higher proportions of preterm and low birthweight infants [ 41 , 42 ] as well as a longitudinal study following older, term infants [ 43 ]. This trend may reflect the biologic deficit at birth [ 23 ] as well as the impact of vitamin A sourced from breastmilk in early infancy and supplementation or consumption of fortified foods as infants age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of Inflammation on Biomarkers of Vitamin A Status among a Cohort of Bolivian Infants

et al. 2018

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Globally, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) affects nearly 200 million children with negative health consequences. VAD can be measured by a retinol-binding protein (RBP) and serum retinol concentrations. Their concentrations are not always present in a 1:1 molar ratio and are affected by inflammation. This study sought to quantify VAD and its impact on infant mortality and infectious morbidity during the first 18 months of life in a cohort of mother-infant dyads in El Alto, Bolivia, while accounting for the previously mentioned measurement issues. Healthy mother-infant dyads (n = 461) were enrolled from two hospitals and followed for 12 to 18 months. Three serum samples were collected (at one to two, six to eight, and 12 to 18 months of infant age) and analyzed for RBP, and a random 10% subsample was analyzed for retinol. Linear regression of RBP on retinol was used to generate RBP cut-offs equivalent to retinol <0.7 µmol/L. All measures of RBP and retinol were adjusted for inflammation, which was measured by a C-reactive protein and alpha (1)-acid glycoprotein serum concentrations using linear regression. Infant mortality and morbidity rates were calculated and compared by early VAD status at two months of age. Retinol and RBP were weakly affected by inflammation. This association varied with infant age. Estimated VAD (RBP < 0.7 µmol/L) decreased from 71.0% to 14.8% to 7.7% at two, six to eight, and 12 to 18 months of age. VAD was almost nonexistent in mothers. Early VAD was not significantly associated with infant mortality or morbidity rates. This study confirmed a relationship between inflammation and vitamin A biomarkers for some subsets of the population and suggested that the vitamin A status in early infancy improves with age and may not have significantly affected morbidity in this population of healthy infants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of Inflammation on Biomarkers of Vitamin A Status among a Cohort of Bolivian Infants

et al. 2018

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“…Maternal vitamin A deficiency increases the risk of complications during pregnancy and in the postpartum period and has been positively associated with preterm delivery [3], maternal infections, night blindness, anemia [4], and birth defects [5]. Maternal vitamin A deficiency also has serious repercussions for the newborn and is associated with depressed immune function and higher morbidity and mortality due to infections [1], low birth weight [6], diaphragmatic hernia [7], bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other respiratory disease [8,9,10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Retinol Concentrations, Race, and Socioeconomic Status in of Women of Childbearing Age in the United States

et al. 2016

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Background: Vitamin A is an essential nutrient during pregnancy and throughout the lifecycle due to its role in the development of critical organ systems. Because maternal tissue is progressively depleted of vitamin A to supply fetal demands, women who become pregnant while possessing marginal vitamin A reserves are at increased risk of vitamin A inadequacy as pregnancy progresses. Few studies have assessed the relationship between socioeconomic factors and retinol status in women of childbearing age. Methods: We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess the relationship between serum retinol concentrations and socioeconomic factors in women of childbearing age. Women 14–45 years of age (n = 3170) from NHANES cycles 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 were included. Serum retinol concentrations were divided into categories according to World Health Organization criteria. All statistical procedures accounted for the weighted data and complex design of the NHANES sample. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The poverty score and race were significantly associated with vitamin A status after adjustment for confounders. Odds of retinol concentrations of <1.05 µmol/L were 1.85 times higher for those of lower socioeconomic status when compared to those of higher status (95% CI: 1.12–3.03, p = 0.02), and 3.1 times higher for non-Hispanic blacks when compared to non-Hispanic whites (95% CI: 1.50–6.41, p = 0.002). Dietary intakes of retinol activity equivalents were significantly lower in groups with higher poverty scores (p = 0.004). Conclusion There appear to be disparities in serum vitamin A levels in women of childbearing age related to income and race in the United States.

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“…In India, the prevalence of subclinical VAD is considered high, ranging from 31% to 57% among preschool children [41]. A study conducted by Agarwal et al reports that all infants are born with low vitamin A levels, including those born to well-nourished mothers with high vitamin A stores [41].…”

Section: Vitamin a Status Of Maternal-offspring Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study conducted by Agarwal et al reports that all infants are born with low vitamin A levels, including those born to well-nourished mothers with high vitamin A stores [41]. The reported proportion of infants with serum retinol below 0.7 μmol/L (200 μg/L) ranges from 0-89% in developing countries, compared to 0-29% in industrialized countries [41]. The higher deficiency in retinol is likely attributed to higher rates of preterm deliveries and low birth weight babies, both of which are high risk groups for VAD.…”

Section: Vitamin a Status Of Maternal-offspring Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A and Related Compounds in the Prenatal and Postnatal States: A MaternalNeonate Focused Review

Wu¹,

Anderson‐Berry²,

Hanson³

2017

J Clin Nutr Diet

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Background: It is generally accepted that vitamin A is critical to fetal and infant development. However, vitamin A has many related compounds, including lutein, carotenes, and lycopene, and recent evidence has shown they may also be important in maternal-infant health. Much less is known about the impact of vitamin A related compounds on maternal and newborn outcomes. Methods:The following article presents a review of maternal vitamin A and related compounds on the fetus and newborn, particularly in the brain and retina. Dietary intake and supplementation will be examined in their relationship to breast milk and formula levels of vitamin A and related compounds. Finally, deficiencies in developed and developing countries are discussed.Results: Vitamin A related compounds, such as lycopene, carotenes, and lutein, may impact maternal-infant outcomes independent of retinol status. High-risk groups, including preterm infants, have been shown to be particularly susceptible. Studies also show that vitamin A deficiency remains a problem in developing nations and may be a concern in disadvantaged populations in developed nations. Conclusion:This review indicates a need to better understand the influence of maternal vitamin A and related compounds in order to improve interventions to maintain homeostatic levels in mothers and neonates.

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Vitamin a status of low and normal birth weight infants at birth and in early infancy

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of Inflammation on Biomarkers of Vitamin A Status among a Cohort of Bolivian Infants

Effects of Inflammation on Biomarkers of Vitamin A Status among a Cohort of Bolivian Infants

Serum Retinol Concentrations, Race, and Socioeconomic Status in of Women of Childbearing Age in the United States

Vitamin A and Related Compounds in the Prenatal and Postnatal States: A MaternalNeonate Focused Review

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