Vitamin C attenuates chronic chlorpyrifos-induced alteration of neurobehavioral parameters in Wistar rats

Ambali, Suleiman Folorunsho; Ayo, Joseph Olusegun

doi:10.4103/0971-6580.97211

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The behavioural response of each rat to handling was assessed using excitability score test (Adeiza and Minka, 2010;Ambali and Ayo, 2012). The test exploits the reaction of the animal to handling and on this basis, the level of response can be graded or scored.…”

Section: Behavioural Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and haematological studies on effects of lycopene in Wistar rats subjected to psychological stress

Ogundeji¹,

Ayo²,

Aluwong³

et al. 2013

J. Neurosci. Behav. Health

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This study investigated the effects of prior lycopene supplementation on behaviour and haematology of Wistar rats subjected to psychological stress. Four groups of Wistar rats, each comprising seven animals were investigated: unstressed (U-Control), unstressed + lycopene (U+Lyco), stressed (SControl) and stressed + lycopene (S+Lyco). Olive oil was given by oral gavage to each rat in the groups, either singly or mixed with 10 mg/kg lycopene daily for two weeks. S-Control and S+Lyco groups were subjected to psychological stress followed by behavioural assessment using excitability score test. Blood samples were collected after sacrificing the animals and then analyzed. Psychological stress increased (P < 0.05) erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in Wistar rats. Lycopene significantly increased excitability scores and total blood plasma proteins, and decreased (P > 0.05) erythrocyte MDA concentration. In conclusion, antioxidant properties of lycopene may be attenuating the effects of psychological stress on excitability score and erythrocytes of Wistar rats.

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Section: Behavioural Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and haematological studies on effects of lycopene in Wistar rats subjected to psychological stress

Ogundeji¹,

Ayo²,

Aluwong³

et al. 2013

J. Neurosci. Behav. Health

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“…The inhibition of BChE activity observed in the treated rats could result in impaired behavioral and muscle strength and analgesic effects. Ambali and Ayo [60] reported comparable results with chlorpyrifos, the metabolite of Judo 40. On day one posttreatment, the highest dose produced a 50% inhibition of BChE, indicating interference with cholinergic receptors as a result of the down-regulation of a muscarinic receptor concentration in the pons/medulla of rats [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Commercial Formulation of Chlorpyrifos Alters Neurological Behaviors and Fertility

Kudavidanage

Dissanayake

Keerthirathna

et al. 2020

Biology

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Pesticides are known to result in toxic insult. We aimed to evaluate Judo 40, the commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos on the neurological activities, fertility, and hormone levels of male rats. Male Wistar rats were treated orally with 1 mL of 20 or 50 mg/kg Judo 40. The doses were administered four times, twice a day. Sexual and exploratory behavior indices, fertility indices, serum androgen levels, blood acetylcholinesterase (BChE) levels, and neurological and muscular effects were evaluated. Serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone were significantly reduced in the rats receiving 50 mg/kg Judo 40. A reduction in viable implantation sites and live pups born were evident in the female rats mated with the male rats treated with the highest dose. Similarly, in the rats treated with the highest dose of Judo 40, a significant reduction in plasma BChE enzyme was observed. According to the results, prolonged Judo 40 exposure can cause impairment of the neurological alterations and sex hormones leading to impaired fertility. Therefore, chemical handlers should be educated on protection and risk minimization.Biology 2020, 9, 49 2 of 15 environment, chemical formulations of CPFs such as Judo 40 will undergo evaporation, hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and microbial metabolism [15]. Owing to active soil absorption and the low water dissolubility of CPFs, this can result in the contamination of percolated water, runoff water, and sediments [16], leading to a high accumulation of CPF residues, thus posing acute and chronic health risks to consumers [17].It has been documented that the occupational exposure of humans to pesticides, including CPFs, are high [18]. However, in developing countries, small-scale farmers are continuously exposed to pesticides through mixing, filling, and spraying using backpack sprinklers [19]. They are further at a high risk due to the limited usage of protective gear and lack of awareness on safety [20]. In Sri Lanka, farmers are inclined to use about 30%-40% higher quantities of chemical formulations of CPF than the dose levels recommended by the manufacturers [21]. Growing evidence also indicates that CPF exposure can result in fetal developmental problems, including issues with the weight and head circumference of newborn babies [22], and high incidences of prostate and lung cancers in adults [23]. Alvarez et al. [24] reported that the soil can recover up to 25 ppm of CPF and the percentage decrease with increasing of the initial concentration [25]. The use of commercial formulations of pesticides can aggravate the toxic effects more than use of the pure active ingredient [26].The active ingredient of Judo 40, CPF, is principally responsible for the accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) as a result of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) action in animal tissues, and is highly toxic to many animals including copepods, amphipods [27], fish [28], birds, and mammals [29]. It was reported that chronic exposure to 30 days of chronic doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) of CPF led to a decrease in spe...

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“…The righting reflex response is another important behavioral endpoint widely used in toxicology to assess overt neurotoxic effects of OPs pesticides. For example, rodents exposed to CPF decrease their righting performance or lose the reflex altogether [89][90][91][92]. Previous studies in bats have also found the righting reflex response to be a sensitive indicator of OPs neurotoxicity, with righting latency being positively correlated with pesticide dose [12,76,93].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Common insecticide affects spatial navigation in bats at environmentally-realistic doses

Herrera

Jacobo

Soto

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Bats are potentially exposed to pesticides via foraging in croplands. Common pesticides like organophosphates are neurotoxic for vertebrates and even low doses can impair essential processes such as locomotion and cognition. These sublethal effects are usually studied using molecular biomarkers with limited ecological relevance. Behavioral studies, in contrast, represent a more informative yet sensitive approach. Spatial navigation, for example, is an ecologically relevant behavior that is modulated by cellular pathways potentially targeted by neurotoxicants. We evaluated whether bats’ ability to memorize and navigate novel spaces was negatively affected by environmental relevant doses of chlorpyrifos, a common organophosphate insecticide. We also tested how the behavioral response correlated with molecular biomarkers. We orally dosed captive big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) with chlorpyrifos and studied exploratory behavior in two testing arenas. We evaluated similarity of stereotype flight trajectories in a flight tent, and associative memory in a Y-maze. We quantified brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity as a cellular biomarker and employed non-targeted proteomics as molecular biomarkers. Bats exposed to chlorpyrifos were less explorative and made more incorrect choices in the Y-maze, but the consistency of their flight trajectories was unaffected. Exposed bats had 30% lower ChE activity, showed down-regulation of proteins involved in memory (VP37D), learning and sound perception (NOX3). Other important nervous system processes such as synaptic function, plasticity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were enriched in chlorpyrifos-exposed bats. These results support the sensitivity of behavior as a biomarker of toxicity and the importance of considering other levels of organization to help explain the mechanisms underlying altered behavior due to human activities.

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Vitamin C attenuates chronic chlorpyrifos-induced alteration of neurobehavioral parameters in Wistar rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Behavioural and haematological studies on effects of lycopene in Wistar rats subjected to psychological stress

Behavioural and haematological studies on effects of lycopene in Wistar rats subjected to psychological stress

Commercial Formulation of Chlorpyrifos Alters Neurological Behaviors and Fertility

Common insecticide affects spatial navigation in bats at environmentally-realistic doses

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