Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The contributory roles of vitamin D in ocular and visual health have long been discussed, with numerous studies pointing to the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of recent findings on the association between vitamin D and different ocular diseases, including myopia, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), dry eye syndrome (DES), thyroid eye disease (TED), uveitis, retinoblastoma (RB), cataract, and others, from epidemiological, clinical and basic studies, and briefly discuss vitamin D metabolism in the eye. We searched two research databases for articles examining the association between vitamin D deficiency and different ocular diseases. One hundred and sixty-two studies were found. There is evidence on the association between vitamin D and myopia, AMD, DR, and DES. Overall, 17 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and AMD, while 48 out of 54 studies reported that vitamin D was associated with DR, and 25 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and DES. However, the available evidence for the association with other ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, TED, and RB, remains limited.

Association between serum vitamin D and refractive status in United States adolescents: A cross-sectional study

“…However, Guggenheim et al were denied and found that serum vitamin levels were not substantially associated with the onset of myopia ( 8 ). Chan et al ( 21 ) conducted a systematic review, and the final results of their meta-analysis supported this position. A recent Mendelian randomization study demonstrated no association between DHCR7, CYP2R1, GC, and CYP24A1 gene-determined 25(OH)D levels and myopia severity ( 22 ).…”

Calcipotriol Attenuates Form Deprivation Myopia Through a Signaling Pathway Parallel to TGF-β2–Induced Increases in Collagen Expression

“…There is growing evidence showing that vitamin D is endogenously produced by ocular tissues. 37 – 39 VDR expression is evident in the epithelium of the cornea, 40 lens, ciliary body, and retinal pigment epithelium as well as the corneal endothelium, retinal ganglion cell layer, and photoreceptors. 40 , 41 Given that VDR and vitamin D hydroxylases (CYP24A1 and CYP27B1) are expressed throughout the eye, characterizing their roles is a relevant approach to uncovering mechanisms that control ocular function in health and disease.…”

Клінічні Особливості Профілактики Ускладнень Та перебігу Міопії Під Впливом Комбінованого Методу Лікування: Фотобіомодуляції Та Тривалої (6 Місяців) Нутрієнтної Терапії

“…Міопія нерозривно пов'язана зі зростанням очей і, таким чином, можливо, піддається впливу зміни стилю харчування. Дані літератури показують, що рівень вітаміну D 3 у сироватці крові має зворотний зв'язок з міопією і може асоціюватися із запобіганням її розвитку та прогресуванню [22,23]. Також немаловажне значення має рівень інших мікроелементів та антиоксидантів.…”