Vitamin D and the Kidney: Two Players, One Console

Zappulo, Fulvia; Cappuccilli, Maria; Cingolani, Alessandra; Scrivo, Anna; Chiocchini, Anna Laura Croci; Nunzio, Miriam Di; Donadei, Chiara; Napoli, Marianna; Tondolo, Francesco; Cianciolo, Giuseppe

doi:10.3390/ijms23169135

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The 25(OH)D is further metabolized, mainly in the proximal tubule of the kidney by 25(OH)D 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) to 1α, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1α,25[OH] 2 D, calcitriol), which is the recognized biologically active form of vitamin D [ 32 ]. Calcitriol then enters the circulation, where it binds to VDBP, and reaches target tissues, including intestine, bone and kidney, to regulate the absorption, mobilization and reabsorption, respectively, of calcium and phosphate [ 33 ].…”

Section: Vitamin D: Synthesis and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Omega-3 (Fatty Acid) Supplementation in Pregnancy for the Primary Prevention of Food Allergy in Children-Literature Review

et al. 2023

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During the last decades the prevalence of food allergy (FA), an adverse immune response to a specific food antigen, has risen, with negative effects on the quality of life (QoL) of many children and their families. The pathogenesis of FA is complex, involving both genetic and environmental factors. SPINK5, STAT6, HLA and FOXP3 are some of the genes that are reported to be implicated in FA development. Regarding environmental factors, particular interest has been focused on modification of the dietary habits of pregnant women for the primary prevention of FA. Specifically, Vitamin D and omega-3 (Ω-3) fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy may influence the development of FA in the offspring. Vitamin D is a hormone with various actions, including mediation of the immune system, reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines and promoting tolerance. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy suppresses T-regulatory cells in the fetus, and Vitamin D supplementation might protect against FA development. Dietary Ω-3 fatty acids are found mainly in fish and vegetable oils. They are beneficial for human health, playing a role in the immune system as anti-inflammatory agents, and providing cell membrane stabilization with inhibition of antigen presentation. It is documented that maternal supplementation with Ω-3 during pregnancy may protect from allergic sensitization in the children. The aim of this literature review was to explore the potential preventive role of maternal supplementation during pregnancy with Vitamin D and Ω-3 in the development of FA in the offspring. With the prevalence of FA rising, all the possible protective mechanisms and measures for FA prevention need to be explored, starting with those that can be modified.

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Section: Vitamin D: Synthesis and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Omega-3 (Fatty Acid) Supplementation in Pregnancy for the Primary Prevention of Food Allergy in Children-Literature Review

et al. 2023

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“…These pathways play a significant role in the disease processes of kidney disease through mediating the immune, inflammatory, and proliferative effects that result in progressive renal damage. A 25(OH)D deficiency may accelerate the progression of albuminuria, which is by itself a recognized indicator of CKD progression and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, as well as the decline in renal function [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Its Association in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Elderly Patients with Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study

et al. 2023

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The overall aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with diabetic nephropathy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study is a single center retrospective cross-sectional design conducted at private medical center. The study group included all patients (18 years or older) suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus that attended the diabetic clinic from September 2019 to January 2021. The main outcome variable is a trough level of (<20 ng/mL) for 25OHD. The patients were categorized as having diabetic nephropathy based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Total glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), creatinine serum, Alb: Cr ratio, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were compared between vitamin D deficiency groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency and other significant anthropometric and biochemical factors. A p value < 0.05 was chosen as the criterion to make decisions regarding statistical significance. Among the 453 diabetic patients included in study, 48.6% (n = 220) were male and 51.4% (n = 233) were female. The mean age ± S.D of the patients was 54.5 ± 10.6 years old. Out of 453 diabetic patients, 71.1% (95% CI: 66.9%–75.3%) had vitamin D deficiency (25OHD < 20 ng/mL). There was a statistically significant association between 25OHD level and diabetic nephropathy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients with e-GFR < 60 mL/min more likely to have vitamin D deficiency (p < 0.001). Similarly, individuals with Alb: Cr ratio > 30 mg/g were more likely to have vitamin D deficiency (p < 0.001). Moreover, diabetic patients with serum creatinine > 1.8 mg/dL were more likely to have vitamin D deficiency (p < 0.001). The study revealed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A significant association was reported between 25-hydroxyvitamin D, e-GFR and Alb: Cr ratio.

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“…Electrolyte imbalance in hemodialysis patients causes cardiovascular complications and subsequently increases the mortality rate in these patients (10). Hypocalcemia, which is caused by a decrease in the level of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3), due to stimulation of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and a decrease in renal mass and resistance to the calcemic activity of parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, vascular calcification and cardiac dysfunction (10,11). In addition, hyponatremia is one of the common electrolyte disturbances in dialysis patients, which is associated with an increased risk of mortality (10).…”

Section: Clinical Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of niacin on phosphorus, calcium, parathormone and vitamin D levels in hemodialysis patients; a double-blinded randomized clinical trial

2022

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Introduction: Electrolyte abnormalities are one of the most common problems in hemodialysis patients. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of niacin on the levels of sodium, phosphorus, calcium, intact parathormone (iPTH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and vitamin D in hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: In the present double-blinded randomized clinical trial, hemodialysis patients with phosphorus of more than 4.5 mg/dL were included in the study and were treated with niacin. The dose of niacin was increased from 50 mg to 100 mg/d in two stages on a monthly basis. Tests related to the levels of phosphorus, sodium, vitamin D, and calcium were determined before and after the intervention, and the side effects of the treatment were recorded accordingly. Data were analyzed through SPSS version 16. Results: After the intervention, the serum levels of calcium, vitamin D, and sodium increased significantly (P<0.05), while the serum levels of iPTH and phosphate decreased significantly (P<0.05). However, the serum level of ALP did not change significantly (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum levels of calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, sodium, iPTH, and ALP during the intervention in the both men and women (P>0.05). Side effects were not reported in any of the patients. Conclusion: Niacin can increase vitamin D, sodium and calcium and decreased serum levels of phosphate and iPTH in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it can be administered as an effective and safe supplement in the hemodialysis patients. Trial Registration: This trial protocol was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (identifier: IRCT20190702044076N2; https://en.irct.ir/trial/66567, ethical code #IR.SKUMS. REC.1400.079).

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Vitamin D and the Kidney: Two Players, One Console

Cited by 18 publications

References 88 publications

Vitamin D and Omega-3 (Fatty Acid) Supplementation in Pregnancy for the Primary Prevention of Food Allergy in Children-Literature Review

Vitamin D and Omega-3 (Fatty Acid) Supplementation in Pregnancy for the Primary Prevention of Food Allergy in Children-Literature Review

Assessment of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Its Association in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Elderly Patients with Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study

Effect of niacin on phosphorus, calcium, parathormone and vitamin D levels in hemodialysis patients; a double-blinded randomized clinical trial

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