Vitamin D and the skin

Shahriari, Mona; Kerr, Philip; Slade, Karren; Grant-Kels, Jane E.

doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.030

Cited by 43 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Opinions are divided concerning the contribution of sunlight as influencing factor for 25(OH)D serum concentrations. Diffey et al [35] state that the sun may make up to 56% percent during summer times, while Shariari et al [36] report that sun may contribute to vitamin D concentrations by more than 90%. As only average sun exposure habits are available as input parameter for Germany, risk assessment statements in the seasonal variations approach may be put up for debate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New perspectives on vitamin D food fortification based on a modeling of 25(OH)D concentrations

Brown

Sandmann

Ignatius

et al. 2013

Nutr J

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BackgroundIn Germany, vitamin D intake from food and synthesis in the skin is low, which leads to low 25(OH)D serum concentrations. In contrast to many other countries, general vitamin D food fortification is still prohibited in Germany, although the European Commission published a regulatory framework to harmonize addition of vitamins to foods. Thus the purpose of our study was to develop a vitamin D fortification model, taking into account all vitamin D sources with the goal to fulfill requirements of intake recommendations or preferable 25(OH)D serum concentrations. Finally, the aim was to assess the suitability of different carriers and associated risks.MethodsWe developed a mathematical bottom-up model of 25(OH)D serum concentrations based on data about vitamin D sources of the German population such as sunlight, food and supplements for all federal states taking seasonal and geographical variations into account. We used this model to calculate the optimal fortification levels of different vitamin D carriers in two approaches. First we calculated required fortification levels based on fixed intake recommendations from e.g. the IOM or the DGE and second based on achieving certain 25(OH)D serum concentrations.ResultsTo lift 25(OH)D serum concentration in Germany to 75 nmol/L, e.g. 100 g bread has to be fortified with 11.3 μg during winter, resulting in a daily vitamin D intake of 23.7 μg. Bread seems to be a suitable carrier for base supply. However, overdose risk with a single fortified product is higher than the risk with several fortified carriers.ConclusionsWith the model in hand, it is possible to conceive vitamin D fortification strategies for different foodstuffs and model its impact on 25(OH)D serum concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New perspectives on vitamin D food fortification based on a modeling of 25(OH)D concentrations

Brown

Sandmann

Ignatius

et al. 2013

Nutr J

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“…Under the influence of parathyroid hormone, the kidney then converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D, the biologically active, hormonal form of the nutrient which is expressed in bones and various cells in the skin (Shahriari et al 2010). Humans obtain Vitamin D through the diet and by synthesis in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B. Vitamin D are then converted by the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D, its major circulating form.…”

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humans obtain Vitamin D through the diet and by synthesis in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B. Vitamin D are then converted by the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D, its major circulating form. Sunscreen use blocks the ability of the skin to photosynthesize vitamin D, although the effect this has on the vitamin D status of the general population is unclear (Shahriari et al 2010). In addition, many cell types convert circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D for local use.…”

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceuticals and Cancer

Sarkar¹

2012

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“…Vitamin D belongs to a group of secosteroid molecules that are associated with bone and calcium metabolism [1]. The significant effects of vitamin D are found not only in calcium homeostasis and musculoskeletal health, but also in the integrity of the innate immune system which have been investigated extensively in recent years [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significant effects of vitamin D are found not only in calcium homeostasis and musculoskeletal health, but also in the integrity of the innate immune system which have been investigated extensively in recent years [2,3]. Public awareness is growing on the relative high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in the general population [1] which is associated with an increased risk of several diseases, including cancer [2], heart disease, hypertension [4], diabetes [5], age-related cognitive decline, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis and arthritis [3]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Low-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D in School Children and White-Collar Workers

Muyiduli

Zhou

et al. 2017

Nutrients

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Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the nutritional vitamin D status of school children aged 9–15 years and white-collar workers in Zhejiang province, and evaluate the efficacy of low-dose-oral vitamin D supplementation in both populations. Methods: We conducted a prospective controlled trial during March 2014 to November 2015, comparing the efficacy of vitamin D supplements (400 IU/day) with non-intervention for 18 months in school children aged 9–15 years. Meanwhile, a before-after study was conducted among white-collar workers for 1 year. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured at baseline and after vitamin D supplementation, respectively. Results: At the baseline, 95% of school children and 84% of adult participants had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL). In school children, no difference was observed between the intervention and control groups with regard to anthropometric data. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations of the school children intervention group, school children control group and white-collar workers were 12.77 ± 3.01 ng/mL, 14.17 ± 3.59 ng/mL and 16.58 ± 3.66 ng/mL at baseline and increased to 17.34 ± 3.78 ng/mL, 18.04 ± 4.01 ng/mL and 17.75 ± 5.36 ng/mL after vitamin D supplementation, respectively. Although, after adjusting for potential confounders, the 400 IU oral vitamin D supplementation increased serum 25(OH)D concentration in school children (β = 0.81, p = 0.0426) as well as in white-collar workers (p = 0.0839), the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was still very high among school children (79.23% in intervention group and 72.38% in control group) and white-collar workers (76.00%). Conclusions: High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was common in these two study populations. Daily doses of 400 IU oral vitamin D supplementation was not able to adequately increase serum 25(OH)D concentrations. A suitable recommendation regarding the level of vitamin D supplementation is required for this Chinese population.

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Vitamin D and the skin

Cited by 43 publications

References 47 publications

New perspectives on vitamin D food fortification based on a modeling of 25(OH)D concentrations

New perspectives on vitamin D food fortification based on a modeling of 25(OH)D concentrations

Nutraceuticals and Cancer

Effect of Low-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D in School Children and White-Collar Workers

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