Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Clinical Results in Preeclamptic Mothers and Their Babies

Abstract

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may lead to many health problems by negatively affecting the metabolism of the newborn and the mother, such as infantile rickets, poor fetal and neonatal growth and development, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. We aimed to investigate the levels and clinical results of vitamin D in preeclamptic mothers and their babies. Methods: The study group consisted of 42 preeclamptic mothers, and their babies diagnosed with preeclampsia according to the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP) criteria, while the control group consisted of 49 healthy mothers and babies with similar gestational age and birth weight. All pregnant women participating in the study were routinely taking 1200 IU of vitamin D3 daily supplements. The cord blood vitamin D level of both groups of newborns was measured and the results were statistically compared. Results: The birth week, weight, and height averages and APGAR score averages measured at the first minutes of the babies in the study group (preeclamptic mother babies) were statistically significantly lower than those of the babies in the control group (babies of healthy mothers) (p=0.001, p=0.001, p<0.001, p=0.004, respectively). Vitamin D and calcium levels of the mothers in the study group were lower than those of the mothers in the control group. When the infants were examined, only the level of vitamin D was statistically significantly lower in infants in the patient group (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: There is consistent evidence of an association between low vitamin D concentrations and adverse preeclampsia outcomes. Since vitamin D deficiency is more common in preeclamptic mothers and their infants, higher-dose vitamin D supplementation than routine may be recommended to the patients.

Vitamin D Supplementation for the Outcomes of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Neonates: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

“…GDM is the most common complication of pregnant women during pregnancy, and prevalence has gradually increased in recent years. Te probability of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity in GDM patients and their ofspring can be as high as 60.16% [37,38]. Te pathogenesis of GDM has not yet been elucidated.…”

Comparison of Vitamin D Levels and Related Factors in Pregnant Women and Neonates Exposed to Second-Hand Smoke

“…Another important cause of hypertension in pregnancy is vitamin D deficiency. In another prospective study we conducted before, we determined that vitamin D levels were lower in preeclamptic pregnant women [ 6 ]. According to an article published in 2021, the findings suggested that vitamin D deficiency and passive smoking during pregnancy might have a synergistic impact on gestational hypertension [ 12 ].…”

“…In our study, vitamin D deficiency was considered to be 25(OH)D level < 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/liter), while vitamin D insufficiency was considered to be 25(OH)D level between 21 and 29 ng/ml (525-725 nmol/liter) [ 6 ].…”

“…In the province where we have conducted the present study (Mardin, Turkey), the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and second-hand smoking during pregnancy is relatively high [ 4 , 6 ]. In this study, we aimed to evaluate vitamin D levels and some related biochemical parameters in pregnant women who smoked regularly during pregnancy, as well as in mothers and newborns who did not actively smoke but were exposed to second-hand smoke.…”

The immune checkpoint pathophysiology of depression and chronic fatigue syndrome due to preeclampsia: focus on sCD80 and sCTLA-4

“…Prevalence estimates for vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy range from 8 to 70%, contingent upon factors such as UV exposure and skin pigmentation (44, 45). Vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent among mothers with PE and their neonates; therefore, patients may be advised to take higher doses of vitamin D supplementation (46, 47).…”