Vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women with pelvic floor disorders

Abstract

Introduction:The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of vitamin D deficiency and pelvic floor disorders (PFD) including pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women.Materials and Methods:This is a prospective case control study on 120 women with or without symptoms of PFD. Relevant history and clinical examination were conducted. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were measured in all women. Chi square and student t test were used to test significance of association. Logistic regression was used to adjust for age. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.Results:Of the 120 postmenopausal women included, 51 had PFD on clinical examination. Of the 51 cases, 28 women had POP and 14 women had stress incontinence (SUI) while nine women had both POP and SUI. The study showed that vitamin D levels were significantly lower in women with PFD than those without PFD. Menopausal status of more than 5 years was also significantly associated with PFD.Conclusion:Findings suggest association of vitamin D deficiency and PFD in postmenopausal women. In addition, postmenopausal women have a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency indicating a need to evaluate vitamin D levels in these women.

Role of vitamin D in urogenital health of geriatric participants

“…Similar results were shown in studies by Badalian et al .,[30] Sharma et al .,[32] and Navaneethan et al .,[34] in which no statistically significant difference was found between parity and Vitamin D levels.…”

“…[303132] However, in the study by Navaneethan et al ., relationships between Vitamin D levels and menopause of more than 5 years remained statistically significant. [34] In the present study, all the women in study group and 93 participants in control group had Vitamin D <30 ng/m1. The result was in accordance with above-stated studies.…”

“…in their study found Vitamin D levels to be significantly lower (t = −2.16; df = 98.22; P = 0.034) among cases with PFD (mean 13.15 ng/ml; standard deviation [SD] 1.01) than among controls without PFD (17.98 ng/ml; SD 16.61). [34] In study by Badalian et al ., women with 25(OH)D levels in the normal range (at least 30 ng/mL) had a nonsignificant decreased risk of PFDs compared with women with levels below 30 ng/mL; the adjusted odds ratio (95 confidence interval) was 0.75 (0.54–1.04) ( P = 0.084). [30]…”

The Serum Level of Vitamin D in Women With Urinary Incontinence Due to Pelvic Floor Disorder and Prolapse: A Regional Case-Control Study on Iranian Population

“…Contrary to this hypothesis regarding that serum levels of vitamin D should be lower in patients in the case group, namely, those with PFD as compared to the control group (without PFD), the results showed that the mean serum level of the control group and the frequency of vitamin D deficient patients were higher in the control group. These results do not match the results of previous studies on the association of PFD and serum level of vitamin D (26)(27)(28), and also the correlation between the serum levels of vitamin D and urogenital disorders such as UI (20,37) and overactive bladder (21), which have determined lower serum levels of vitamin D in patients with PFD or UI problems. In this study, it was assumed that the patients were of the same social class as they referred to one center and that their dietary nutrition was also similar.…”

“…Also 47% of all the refugees in the world and 50% of asylum seekers and displaced people are women and girls and 44% refugees and asylum seekers are children under the age of 68 muscular dysfunction in pathophysiology of the UI, some studies have investigated the association of vitamin D and urogenital disorders such as UI (20) and overactive bladder (21) while others have focused on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on treatment of UI symptoms (22,23). However, based on the review studies (24), the few investigations exploring this association (25)(26)(27)(28) have several limitations and further studies are required to determine the definite correlation between vitamin D and PFD. Moreover, the prevalence of vitamin D hypovitaminosis and PFD are high among Iranian women and the relationship between these 2 variables has not been investigated in the Iranian population.…”