Vitamin D deficiency in Saudi women of childbearing age with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a crucial health risk element especially throughout their childbearing period. The present study aimed to examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Saudi females of childbearing age with T2DM. Method: A cross-sectional single centre study was conducted in 1237patients with T2DM between the age 20 years to 49 years attending the Diabetes Centre at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between January 2018 and December 2018. Results: There were 1237 female patients between the ages 20 to 49years with T2DM with mean age was 36.6±7.8years. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 58.4%. Moreover, vitamin D deficient patients were statistically significant younger and have statistically significant higher HbA1c than non-vitamin D deficient. The mean of 25-hydroxvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was non-statistically significant different among and between age groups. Moreover, the frequency of vitamin D deficiency was non-statistically significant upward as age advanced with highest frequency of vitamin D deficiency was found in the fourth decade (41.5%). 25(OH) D concentration was significantly positively correlated with age (r=0.079, p=0.004) and significantly negatively correlated with HbA1c (r=-0.128, p=0.003). Regression analysis of OR of risk factors for patients with vitamin D deficiency showed that age was statistically significant associated with vitamin D deficiency, (OR=0.973; 95% CI=0.956-0.991), p=0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Saudi women of childbearing age with T2DM is high. We recommend larger scale studies for detecting vitamin D deficiency in our population with T2DM.