Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased COVID-19 Severity:  Prospective Screening of At-Risk Groups is Medically Indicated

Pepkowitz, Samuel H.; Hobel, Calvin J.; Mirocha, James; Bs, Carissa A Huynh; Jawanda, Harneet; Hasan, Wohaib

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-83262/v1

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The characteristics of the included studies are summarized in Table 1. The studies were from Belgium [29], China [30,31], Germany [32], India www.journals.viamedica.pl [33], Iran [34,35], Italy [36][37][38], Philippines [39], Spain [40,41], Switzerland [42], South Korea [43], Turkey [44,45], Russia [46], The Netherlands [47], UK [48,49] and USA [50,51]. Overall, mean age was 60.8 (SD 15.9) years and 53.8% were men.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between the Severity and Mortality of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and 25-hydroxyvitamin D Concentration—A Metaanalysis

Oscanoa

Amado

Vidal

et al. 2021

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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Introduction: There is increasing scientific interest in the possible association between hypovitaminosis D and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and/or mortality. Objective: To conduct a metanalysis of the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and SARS-CoV-2 infection severity or mortality. Material and methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Google scholar and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for studies published between December 2019 and December 2020. Effect statistics were pooled using random effects models. The quality of included studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Targeted outcomes: mortality and severity proportions in COVID-19 patients with 25(OH)D deficiency, defined as serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L. Results: In the 23 studies included (n = 2692), the mean age was 60.8 (SD ± 15.9) years and 53.8% were men. Results suggested that vitamin 25(OH)D deficiency was associated with increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 disease (RR 2.00; 95% CI 1.47-2.71, 17 studies) and mortality (RR 2.45; 95% CI 1.24-4.84, 13 studies). Only 7/23 studies reported C-reactive protein values, all of which were > 10 mg/L. Conclusions 25(OH)D deficiency seems associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and mortality. However, findings do not imply causality, and randomized controlled trials are required, and new studies should be designed to determine if decreased 25(OH)D is an epiphenomenon or consequence of the inflammatory process associated with severe forms of SARS-CoV-2. Meanwhile, the concentration of 25(OH)D could be considered as a negative acute phase reactant and a poor prognosis in COVID-19 infection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between the Severity and Mortality of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and 25-hydroxyvitamin D Concentration—A Metaanalysis

Oscanoa

Amado

Vidal

et al. 2021

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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“…In general, the recommended daily intake of vitamin D is age-dependent, ranging from 15 mcg/day in people aged 70 years and younger to 20 mcg/day in people aged 71 years and older 88 . The Endocrine Society released a jointguidance statement of the role of vitamin D during this COVID-19 pandemic with recommendations for individuals to get 15 to 30 minutes/day of direct sunlight exposure on the skin while being careful not to get a sunburn and obtain recommended amount of vitamin D (400-1000 IU in adults >18 years) through food and supplementation 89 .…”

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus disease 2019: A comprehensive review on recent clinical updates and management tools for pharmacists

Bhargab

Dash²,

Newar

et al. 2021

PBJ

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In the Hubei region of China, a pneumonia outbreak occurred in December 2019, which was confirmed to be caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It quickly became known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 or simply COVID-19, a pandemic that continues to devastate countries across the world. Through this COVID-19 pandemic, pharmacists across the globe have continued to offer direct patient care and provided frontline service to society. However, while the frontline staff is heralded, they are relegated to the background and overlooked most of the time. The most reachable healthcare providers are pharmacists because they can provide direct medical services despite tight regulations and restrictions related to the pandemic. During this pandemic, the involvement of pharmacists to handle COVID-19 and its complications proved to be crucial in alleviating the burden on the already strained healthcare system. They have provided very important services such as distributing medications to patients, encouraging adherence to medications for better control of chronic diseases, consulting on minor illnesses, clarifying myths regarding COVID-19, and contributing to COVID-19 screening. The treatment or management of COVID-19 was based on initial findings but is now being updated several times based on viral mutation, different studies across the globe, etc. This review focuses on recent clinical updates and tools that would help pharmacists with a more systematic approach to properly handling COVID-19 and its complications.

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Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased COVID-19 Severity: Prospective Screening of At-Risk Groups is Medically Indicated

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

The Relationship Between the Severity and Mortality of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and 25-hydroxyvitamin D Concentration—A Metaanalysis

The Relationship Between the Severity and Mortality of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and 25-hydroxyvitamin D Concentration—A Metaanalysis

Coronavirus disease 2019: A comprehensive review on recent clinical updates and management tools for pharmacists

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